Digital camera with wireless connectivity

ABSTRACT

Modular digital camera systems, such as modular digital still and motion cameras are disclosed. Individual modules may be removed from the system and replaced, such as to benefit from upgraded technology, while preserving the remaining modules in the system. The modules may be disassembled and reconstructed to convert the physical form of the camera, such as between still configurations, motion configurations, ENG configurations, DSLR configurations and studio configurations. The modules may be used to add wireless capabilities employing standard wireless protocols to allow a variety of devices to control or communicate with the modular digital camera system. The wireless capabilities may also be used to present a soft interface for camera control to the user, exposing a variety of variables and controls to the user that may otherwise be difficult or impossible to access.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of priority from U.S. ProvisionalApplication No. 61/800,717, filed Mar. 15, 2013, the entire contents ofwhich is incorporated by reference herein.

BACKGROUND

Digital cameras include a series of functional components such aslenses, optical filters, one or more electronic image sensor arrays,electronic circuits to capture, process and store images from the imagesensor array, internal or external memory devices to store and transferimage files, power supplies and a display system to preview the capturedimages. These components are typically integrated and interdependent,from each of an optical, electronics and physical perspective. In manyinstances, external lenses and power supplies may be attached to andremoved from the camera. But the remaining components are typicallypermanently integrated into a main framework or housing without anypractical ability to be removed and replaced. As a consequence, theperformance and functionality of these cameras are limited by the leastadvanced component or the first component to malfunction. In addition,these cameras are not upgradeable with updated technology and mustinstead be replaced in their entirety in order to obtain the benefit oftechnological improvements in only a single component part.Additionally, due to the limited configurability associated withconventional cameras, they are typically suitable for a limited range ofapplications and contexts. For example, such cameras are generallysuited for either still or motion photography, but not both. As aresult, users who want to shoot in a variety of contexts and for avariety of applications often need to purchase multiple cameras toachieve desired results.

Thus, notwithstanding the various digital camera options available inthe art, there remains a need for a camera system that is fullycustomizable by the user, and which overcomes the limitations discussedabove.

Additionally, in certain environments of use of cameras, such as forbroadcast or cinema, connecting all of the components can be awkward andtime consuming.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure provides a fully modular digital camera system.In certain embodiments, for example, the digital camera system canadvantageously be a digital still and motion camera (DSMC) which can beoptionally configured for both still and motion shooting. In variousembodiments, the camera system can be either a still, motion, orstill/motion combination digital camera. Each module may be removed fromthe system and replaced, for example, by an upgraded technology module,while preserving the functionality of the remainder of the system. Thisinterchangeable nature of the modular design allows a camera owner toreplace various components as they are upgraded and improved, ratherthan having to replace the entire camera system.

In addition, the modules may be disconnected and reassembled by the userto rapidly change the physical configuration of the system. The variouselectronics modules may be connected to each other or stacked in anysequence and in a wide variety of geometries, to enable reconfigurationof the system to suit the user's preference.

For example, the modular camera system may be assembled in a DSLR modesuch as for use with a handle such as a bottom grip handle. The systemmay be disassembled and reassembled in an electronics news gathering(ENG) mode (e.g., for use with a shoulder mount), or into a studioconfiguration, such as for use on a tripod, dolly, or crane.Reconfiguration can be accomplished to move the center of gravityforward or backward along the viewing axis, and any of a variety ofsupport hardware such as grips, bars, or frames may be readily connectedto the modular system, as may be appropriate for the assembledconfiguration.

The modular camera system comprises a sensor module or “brain” incertain embodiments, and the terms sensor module and brain module areused interchangeably herein. The brain module preferably additionallycomprises digital signal processing electronics and may further comprisean interface for removably receiving a functional module. The functionalmodule may comprise any one or more of a recording module, a powermodule, an in/out module, a user interface module, lens mount, or someother type of functional module.

There is provided in accordance with one aspect of the presentdisclosure, a modular digital camera. The camera comprises a sensormodule, having a first interface. A power module is provided having asecond and third interface, and a recording module is provided, having afourth and fifth interface. The first interface is functionallyengageable with at least any of the second and fourth interfaces. Inthis manner, the power module, recording module, and other optionalmodules may be stacked in any order on the sensor module. In certainembodiments, the third interface is functionally engageable with thefourth interface, and the second interface is functionally engageablewith the fifth interface.

The power module includes a recording bus extending between the secondand third interface, for transmitting motion picture image data throughthe power module. The recording module includes a power bus extendingbetween the fourth and fifth interface, for transmitting power throughthe recording module.

Preferably, the modular camera additionally comprises an in/out modulehaving a sixth and seventh interface. The sixth interface is engageablewith at least the first interface, and the seventh interface isengageable with at least the second interface. In this manner, the powermodule, recording module and in/out module may be stacked in any orderon the sensor module.

Preferably, a user interface module is additionally provided. The userinterface module may include an eighth interface, which may beengageable with any other interface in the system. In one implementationof the disclosure, the user interface module comprises an eighthinterface which is engageable with any of the third and fifth interface.The user interface may additionally comprise a transceiver for wirelesscommunication with other devices, such as the sensor module. The userinterface may therefore be functionally associated with but physicallydetached from the modular camera system.

In one implementation, the modular camera further comprises at least asecond power module, the second power module having a ninth and tenthinterface. The second power module preferably comprises a recording busextending between the ninth and tenth interface, for transmitting motionpicture image data through the second power module. The second powermodule preferably also comprises a control bus extending between theninth and tenth interface, for transmitting control signals through thesecond power module.

The module camera system preferably additionally comprises a lens mountmodule, releasably connectable to the sensor module. A digital signalprocessor may reside in the sensor module.

The sensor module may be directly or indirectly engageable with theother modules. For example, in certain embodiments, the first interfaceis indirectly functionally engageable with any of the second and fourthinterfaces via a releasably attachable adapter plate. In some otherembodiments, the first interface is indirectly functionally engageablewith any of the second and fourth interfaces via one or more dummymodules.

In accordance with a further aspect of the present disclosure, there isprovided a modular camera. The camera comprises a sensor module having afirst bus segment, a recording module having a second bus segment, and apower module having a third bus segment. Each of the modules isreleasably connectable to any other of the modules, such that everyassembled configuration of the modules places the bus segments incommunication with each other in a manner that permits functionalelectrical communication among each of the modules.

The modular camera system preferably additionally comprises an in/outmodule having a fourth bus segment, that is directly connectable withany of the other bus segments. The sensor module of certain embodimentscan be directly or indirectly releasably connectable to any other of themodules. For example, the sensor module can be indirectly releasablyconnectable to any other of the modules via one or more of a releasablyattachable adapter plate, dummy module, or the like.

In accordance with a further aspect of the present disclosure, there isprovided a modular, convertible camera. The camera comprises a sensormodule, a recording module, a power module, and a user interface module.Each module is directly or indirectly releasably connectable to thesensor module in a first construct to produce a camera having an ENGconfiguration, and at least one or two and preferably each module maybedisconnected and reassembled into a second construct, having a DSLRconfiguration. The camera may further include an in/out module.

In accordance with a further aspect of the present disclosure, there isprovided a modular convertible camera system. The system includes asensor module, a recording module, a power module and a user interfacemodule. Each module is directly or indirectly releasably connectable tothe sensor module in a first construct to produce a camera having an ENGconfiguration, and at least one or two and preferably each module may bedisconnected and reassembled into a second construct having a studioconfiguration.

In accordance with a further aspect of the present disclosure, there isprovided a modular, convertible camera. The camera comprises a sensormodule, a recording module, a power module, and a user interface module.Each module is directly or indirectly releasable connectable to thesensor module in a first construct, to produce a camera having a studioconfiguration, and at least one or two and preferably each module may bedisconnected and reassembled into a second construct having a DSLRconfiguration.

In accordance with a further aspect of the present disclosure, there isprovided a modular, multi-component convertible camera. The modularcamera comprises a sensor module, a recording module, a power module,and a user interface module. Each module is directly or indirectlyreleasably connectable to the sensor module in a first construct toproduce a camera having an ENG configuration, and each module may bedisconnected and reassembled into a second construct having a DSLRconfiguration, and each module may be disconnected and reassembled intoa third construct having a studio configuration.

In accordance with a further aspect of the present disclosure, there isprovided a modular camera subassembly. The subassembly comprises asensor module, having a sensor, digital signal processing electronics,and a back focal distance of no more than about 16 mm. The sensor moduleis configured for connection to an external recording module and anexternal power module.

There is provided in accordance with a further aspect of the presentdisclosure a module camera system configured for operation with any of aplurality of lenses having different focal lengths. The system comprisesa sensor module, having an interface for removably receiving a lensmount module. At least a first and a second lens mount module areremovably connectable to the interface, each lens mount module having adifferent focal length. Each lens mount module focal length is selectedso that it can be mounted to the sensor module and added to the backfocal length of the modular camera system, to produce an overall focallength of the system. The overall focal length of the system may be anyof a variety of lengths, including 17 mm, 35 mm, 46 mm, 48 mm, 52 mm, orother focal length. In one implementation of the disclosure, the backfocal length is no more than about 16 mm.

The modular camera system preferably additionally comprises digitalsignal processing electronics in the sensor module. The sensor modulemay further comprise an interface for removably receiving a functionalmodule. The functional module may comprise any one or more of arecording module, a power module, an in/out module, and a user interfacemodule.

In accordance with a further aspect of the present disclosure, there isprovided a modular camera comprising a camera body having an imagesensor and a first bus segment. The modular camera can include a firstmodule having a second bus segment, and a second module having a thirdbus segment. In certain embodiments, each of the camera body, the firstmodule and the second module are releasably connectable to each other.At least one assembled configuration of the modules places the bussegments in communication with each other in a manner that permitsfunctional electrical communication among each of the modules in someembodiments. In some embodiments, every assembled configuration of themodules places the bus segments in communication with each other in amanner that permits functional electrical communication among each ofthe modules. According to some embodiments, the camera body isreleasably connectable to each of the first and the second module via areleasably connectable adapter plate.

The modular camera may include a variety of modules. In someembodiments, the first module comprises a recording module and thesecond module comprises a power module. In one embodiment, the modularcamera further comprises a third module having a fourth bus segment.

In certain embodiments, each of the first, second and third bus segmentscan include a power bus, for example. Additionally, each of the first,second and third bus segments comprises a SATA bus in some embodiments.In some embodiments, each of the first, second and third bus segmentscomprises a PCI Express bus.

There is provided in accordance with one aspect of the presentdisclosure, an image capturing apparatus. The image capturing apparatuscan include an electronic image sensor having a plurality of sensorelements and, in certain embodiments, the sensor elements detect lightand provide an output representative of the detected light. The imagecapturing apparatus includes a digitizing module that converts theoutput representative of the detected light into a digital format. Theimage capturing apparatus can further include a processor configured tocommunicate the digitized sensor output onto a digital bus. In addition,the image capturing apparatus can include a housing that contains theelectronic image sensor, the digitizing module, and the processor. Thehousing can include a bus interface configured to electronically connectthe digital bus to a detachable module. In certain embodiments, thehousing also includes an engagement mechanism configured to physicallyfasten the housing with the detachable module. In certain embodiments,the digitized sensor output is compressed prior to communication on thedigital bus.

A modular camera is provided in accordance with certain aspects of thedisclosure. The modular camera can include a camera body comprising animage sensor and a first module interface. The first module interfaceincludes a mating portion and an electrical coupling portion, forexample. The modular camera can further include a plurality of moduleseach releasably and functionally engageable with the camera body andwith each of the other of the plurality of modules. Each of theplurality of modules comprises a first interface in certain embodiments.The first interface includes a mating portion and an electrical couplingportion. The mating portion of the first interface can be releasablymechanically matable with the mating portion of the first moduleinterface. Additionally, the electrical coupling portion of the firstinterface can be electrically couplable with the electrical couplingportion of the first module interface so as to communicate signalsbetween the camera body and the module. Each of the plurality of modulescan also include a second interface which may include a mating portionand an electrical coupling portion. The mating portion of the secondinterface can be releasably mechanically matable with the mating portionof the first interface of each of the other of the plurality of modules,for example. The electrical coupling portion of the second interface canbe configured to be electrically couplable with the electrical couplingportion of the first interface of each of the other of the plurality ofmodules. In certain embodiments, each of the modules also includes a bussegment for communicating signals between the first interface and thesecond interface.

In certain embodiments, the first interface of each of the plurality ofmodules is located on a first side of a housing of the correspondingmodule. The second interface of each of the plurality of modules can belocated on a second side of the housing of the corresponding module,wherein the second side is opposite the first side.

In certain embodiments, in an assembled configuration, a first module ofthe plurality of modules is attached to the camera body, and theremaining modules of the plurality of modules are arranged in a stackextending from the first module. In some embodiments, the first moduleof the plurality of modules comprises a recording module. A secondmodule of the plurality of modules comprises a power module in someembodiments. In certain embodiments, a second module of the plurality ofmodules comprises a user interface module configured for wirelesscommunication with the camera body. In certain embodiments, at least onemodule of the plurality of modules comprises a cooling unit.

The camera body comprises a releasably attachable adapter plateincluding the first module interface in some embodiments.

The bus segment can include a recording bus for transmitting image databetween the first interface and the second interface. The bus segmentcan also include a power bus for transmitting power between the firstinterface and the second interface.

In some embodiments, the camera includes a lens mount module can bereleasably connectable to a lens mount interface of the camera body. Thecamera can also include a handle module can be releasably connectable toan interface of the camera body. The camera body further comprises asecond module interface releasably and functionally engageable with eachof the plurality of modules in certain embodiments.

According to certain aspects of the disclosure, a module adapted toconnect with a modular image capturing apparatus is provided. The modulecan include a housing and can further include a first bus interfacehaving a first type of electrical connection located on a first side ofthe housing. The first bus interface can also include a second businterface having a second type of electrical connection located on aside of the housing opposite the first side of the housing. For example,the first type of electrical connection can be operably couplable withelectrical connections of the second type of electrical connection. Themodule can further include a first engagement interface of a first typelocated on the first side of the housing and a second engagementinterface of a second type located on the second side of the housing.The engagement interfaces of the first type can be configured to fastentogether with engagement interfaces of the second type. In certainembodiments, the first bus interface, the second bus interface, thefirst engagement component, and the second engagement component arepositioned in the housing to allow multiple modules having the sameconfiguration to be daisy-chained together.

In certain embodiments, the module can further include a repeaterbetween the first bus interface and the second bus interface. The modulecan also include an amplifier between the first bus interface and thesecond bus interface in certain embodiments. In certain embodiments, thefirst bus interface and the second bus interface are Serial ATAcompatible, for example. In some other embodiments, the first businterface and the second bus interface are Peripheral ComponentInterconnect Express compatible. In certain embodiments, the first businterface and the second bus interface are compatible with at least twohigh bandwidth buses. For example, the at least two high bandwidth busesare Serial ATA and Peripheral Component Interconnect Express buses. Insome embodiments, the first bus interface and the second bus interfaceare compatible with at least three high bandwidth buses. The at leastthree high bandwidth buses are each capable of at least about 1 GB/s ofdata throughput, for example. In certain embodiments, the at least threehigh bandwidth buses comprise Serial ATA, Peripheral ComponentInterconnect Express, and XAUI buses. In some embodiments, the first businterface and the second bus interface are further compatible with aplurality of support buses. For example, the plurality of support busescomprise two or more of an Inter-integrated circuit (I²C) bus, a SerialPeripheral Interface (SPI) bus, a 1-Wire® bus, and an RS-232 bus, incertain embodiments.

The module can include a recording bus extending between the first businterface and the second bus interface, for transmitting image datathrough the module. The module can also include a power bus extendingbetween the first bus interface and the second bus interface, fortransmitting power through the module.

An adapter module is provided in accordance with certain aspects of thedisclosure for use with a modular camera system. The adapter module canbe configured to connect a modular image capturing apparatus and afunctional module having incompatible connections, for example. Theadapter module can include a housing, for example. The adapter module ofcertain embodiments includes a first bus interface having a first typeof electrical connection located on a first side of the housing and asecond bus interface having a second type of electrical connectionlocated on a side of the housing opposite the first side of the housing.The first type of electrical connection can be operably couplable withan electrical connection of a modular image capturing apparatus. Thesecond type of electrical connection can be operably couplable with anelectrical connection of an expansion module of the modular camerasystem. The adapter module can also include a first engagement interfacelocated on the first side of the housing and a second engagementinterface located on the second side of the housing. The firstengagement interface can be of a first type that is configured to fastenthe adapter module together with a modular image capturing apparatus.The second engagement interface can be of a second type that isconfigured to fasten the adapter module together with the expansionmodule.

In certain embodiments, the first type of electrical connection isoperably couplable with the second type of electrical connection. Insome other embodiments, the first type of electrical interface is notoperably couplable with the second type of electrical interface. Thefirst type of engagement interface is not configured to fasten togetherwith the second type of engagement interface in some configurations. Incertain embodiments, the first type of engagement interface isconfigured to fasten together with the second type of engagementinterface.

According to yet another aspect of the present disclosure, a modular,convertible digital still and motion camera system is provided. Thecamera system can include a sensor module and can further include aplurality of functional modules each directly or indirectly releasablyconnectable to the sensor module. In certain embodiments, a first groupof least one of the plurality of functional modules can be directly orindirectly releasably connected to the sensor module in a firstconstruct to produce a camera having a motion configuration. In certainembodiments, a second group of at least one of the plurality offunctional modules can be directly or indirectly releasably connected tothe sensor module in a second construct having a still configuration.

In certain embodiments, the sensor module is indirectly releasablyconnectable to at least one of the plurality of functional modules via areleasably attachable adapter module.

A variety of module configurations are possible. In certain embodiments,at least one functional module in the first group comprises a recordingmodule. In some embodiments, at least one functional module in the firstgroup comprises a power module. At least one functional module in thefirst group can comprise an in/out module, for example. In certainembodiments, at least one functional module in the second groupcomprises a handle module. The handle module can include a power source,for example. In some embodiments the second construct is a DSLRconfiguration. The first construct can be Studio configuration or an ENGconfiguration in various embodiments.

In some embodiments, at least one of the functional modules in the firstgroup is different from at least one of the functional modules in thesecond group. In certain embodiments, the first group comprises at leasttwo functional modules daisy chained together when assembled in thefirst construct.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a method ofdistributing power in a modular camera system is provided. The methodcan include detecting, by at least one processor of a sensor module of amodular camera system, the presence of one or more available first powersources associated with one or more of a plurality of functionalmodules. Each of the plurality of functional module can be directly orindirectly attached to the sensor module, for example. A power busextends between the sensor module and each of the plurality offunctional modules in certain embodiments. In certain embodiments, themethod can further include receiving, at the sensor module and over theinput power bus, a first input power signal from one of the one or moreavailable first power sources. The method can also include transmittingover the power bus, an output power signal to the plurality offunctional modules for consumption by electronics of the plurality offunctional modules. In certain embodiments, the method comprisescommunicating to each of the one or more functional modules associatedwith the one or more available first power sources, which of theavailable first power sources should be placed on power bus.

In some embodiments, the one or more available first power sourcescomprise a plurality of power sources associated with a singlefunctional module. In one embodiment, the single functional modulecomprises a quad battery pack. The available first power sourcescomprise power sources can be associated with a plurality of functionalmodules, for example. In certain embodiments, the method furthercomprises selecting the output power signal from one of the first inputpower signal and one or more second input power signals associated witha corresponding one or more available second power sources. In someembodiments, the one or more available second power sources comprise anexternal power source connectable to camera system via an input port ofthe sensor module. In yet other embodiments, the one or more availablesecond power sources comprise a battery housed in a handle assemblyreleasably connectable to the sensor module.

An aspect of at least one of the embodiments disclosed herein includesthe realization that cameras designed for moving pictures, includingthose designed for the cinema markets, can provide significantconveniences for users if they are provided with better wireless optionsthan those currently available. For example, when shooting video with acamera, there may be one or more people, other than the camera operator,who would like to monitor video recorded by the camera in real or nearreal time. However, cameras typically have a finite number of videooutput ports for outputting video during recording. Additionally, it canbe impractical to increase the number of video output ports on a camera.

Thus, in accordance with at least one of the embodiments disclosedherein, a camera can include a wireless video output module configuredto transmit a video signal representative of video recorded by thecamera. As such, one or more different monitors can be configured toreceive the video signal from the camera and thus allow different usersto monitor video recorded by the camera at one or more differentlocations.

Another aspect of at least one of the embodiments disclosed hereinincludes the realization that connecting various pieces of equipmentincluding video cameras to time code generators can also be complex andawkward. Thus, in accordance with at least one of the embodimentsdisclosed herein, a camera is provided with a wireless time codereceiver configured for receiving a time code signal to be embedded withrecorded video.

The above noted in other wireless solutions can be included in a cameraand/or a module that can be connected to a camera. In some embodiments,such a module can be securely attached to a camera and thus become partof a camera housing.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1A-B are perspective exploded views of one configuration of amodular camera system in accordance with embodiments described herein.

FIG. 1C shows a lens, lens mount module, and brain module of the camerasystem of FIG. 1 in a disassembled configuration.

FIG. 1D is a rear elevational view of the brain module

FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of various modules in the modularcamera system in accordance with embodiments described herein.

FIGS. 3A-B are perspective exploded views of another configuration of amodular camera system in accordance with embodiments described herein.

FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a single module in accordancewith embodiments described herein.

FIG. 5 shows a rear view of the brain module of the camera system ofFIG. 1.

FIGS. 6A-B show front and rear views of the adapter module of the camerasystem of FIG. 1.

FIGS. 7A-B show front and rear views of an expansion module of thecamera system of FIG. 1, particularly, a recording module.

FIG. 8 shows a rear view of the user interface module of the camerasystem of FIG. 1.

FIGS. 9A-B show front and rear views of another embodiment of anexpansion module of a camera system in accordance with embodimentsdescribed herein.

FIGS. 10A-B, 11 and 12 are perspective views of additional embodimentsof camera system configurations in accordance with embodiments describedherein.

FIG. 13 is a schematic top plan view of a set for shooting videoincluding three cameras, an audio system, a lighting system, and usersmonitoring the video captured by the cameras at two different locations.

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the brain illustrated in FIG. 1,illustrating components of the video processing hardware within thebrain.

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a wireless portion of the cameraillustrated in FIG. 14, which can be integrated into the cameraillustrated in FIG. 14 or configured as a detachable module.

FIG. 16 is another schematic top plan view of a set for recording videousing the camera illustrated in FIGS. 14 and 15.

FIG. 17 is a perspective view of the wireless portion illustrated inFIG. 15.

FIG. 18 is an exploded perspective view of the wireless portionillustrated in FIG. 17.

FIG. 19 is a front elevational view of the wireless portion illustratedin FIG. 17.

FIG. 20 is an enlarged front and top perspective view of a portion ofthe wireless portion illustrated in FIG. 19.

FIG. 21 is an exploded view of the wireless portion in the brain.

FIG. 22 is a side elevational view of the brain connected with thewireless portion.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various embodiments will be described hereinafter with reference to theaccompanying drawings. These embodiments are illustrated and describedby example only, and are not intended to be limiting.

System Overview

Referring to FIG. 1, there is schematically illustrated a modular camerasystem 10 in accordance with the present disclosure. Although the camerasystem will be primarily described herein as a motion camera system, itis to be understood that the principals of the present disclosure areapplicable to digital still cameras, digital video cameras as well asdigital still and motion cameras (DSMC).

In addition, the description herein will be primarily directed to thephysical electronics and optical modules of the present camera systems.However, additional modules, components and accessories are alsocontemplated in the systems of the present disclosure. These include,for example, any or combinations of lenses; lens mounts; stabilizationmodules or features; neutral density filters and modules containingneutral density filters; brain modules with or without separateelectronics modules; user interface modules; input/output modules;various system bus configurations; recording modules; various displayssuch as LCD displays; cooling units; electronic view finders, opticalview finders and handles.

The camera of the present disclosure may also be provided with orcompatible with rails, rods, shoulder mounts, tripod mounts, helicoptermounts, matte boxes, follow focus controls, zoom controls, and otherfeatures and accessories known in the art.

The pre-calibrated, modular aspect of camera systems provided hereinenables a user to construct a modular camera in a variety ofconfigurations. For example, a first brain module may have a first,smaller sensor size. When a larger sensor, recording area, recordingspeed or the like is desired, the user may uncouple various otherfunctional modules described herein from the brain module with the firstsensor size, and reassemble the modular system using a second brainmodule having a second, larger sensor size. All of the reassembledmodules with the second brain module can be automatically calibrated forseamless functioning without the need for extra calibration oradjustment steps. This allows the user to upgrade the sensor or otherbrain components without the need to purchase a new camera or camerasystem.

The same exchange/upgrade capability exists with respect to each of themodules in the system of the present disclosure. Thus, the particulartechnologies used in the various modules are deemphasized in importancecompared to some of the prior art systems, since the modules may besimply removed and replaced as upgraded technology becomes available.Moreover, the camera system 110 can be configured in a variety ofconstructs that can be tailored for specific uses by swapping and/orrearranging the modules surrounding the brain module 112 or by swappingthe brain module 112 itself for another brain module. For example, thecamera system 110 of certain embodiments can be configured for use in afirst construct suited for still shooting (e.g., a DSLR construct), anda second construct configured for motion shooting (e.g., a studio or ENGconstruct). As another example, in further configurations the system canbe configured in a studio construct for studio use and portableconstruct for portable use. Users can generally select from a widevariety of different constructs depending on the particular application.Moreover, the same modules, combinations or sub-combinations of modulescan be used across the various constructs, allowing a user to shoot in avariety of contexts without needing to purchase context or applicationspecific cameras. For example, the camera system 110 according tovarious embodiments can be custom-configured an array of constructsincluding, without limitation, still, motion, portable, studio, mounted,handheld, professional, and consumer constructs, or any subset thereof

The modular camera system 110 includes a sensor and electronics (orbrain) module 112 and lens 116. The module camera system 110 can alsoinclude and is configured to be functionally engageable with one or moreoptional modules including at least one recording modules 120, at leastone user interface module 122, at least one power module 124, at leastone input/output module 126, and an adapter module 128. In someembodiments, the system 110 may include more than one of each type ofmodule, may not include one or more of the modules shown with respect toFIG. 1. Additionally, the system 110 may include a wide variety of othertypes of modules not present in FIG. 1.

Brain Module

The image sensor contained within the brain module 112 may comprise anyof a variety of video sensing devices, including, for example, CCD,CMOS, vertically stacked CMOS devices such as the FOVEON® sensor, or amulti-sensor array using a prism to divide light between the sensors. Insome embodiments, the image sensor can include a CMOS device havingabout 12 million photocells. However, other size sensors or sensortechnologies can also be used.

In some configurations, the camera can be configured to output video at“2 k” (e.g., 16:9 (2048×1152 pixels), 2:1 (2048×1024 pixels), etc.), “3k” (e.g., 16:9 (3072×1728 pixels), 2:1 (3072×1536 pixels), etc.), “4 k”(e.g., 4,096×2,540 pixels, 16:9 (4096×2304 pixels), 2:1 (4096×2048),etc.), “4.5 k” horizontal resolution, Quad HD (e.g., 3840×2160 pixels),“5 k” (e.g., 5120×2700) horizontal resolution, “6 k” (e.g., 6144×3160),“8 k” (e.g., 7680×4320), or greater resolutions. As used herein, in theterms expressed in the format of xk (such as 2 k and 4 k noted above),the “x” quantity refers to the approximate horizontal resolution. Assuch, “4 k” resolution corresponds to about 4000 or more horizontalpixels and “2 k” corresponds to about 2000 or more pixels.

The sensor can range from as small as about 0.5″ (8 mm), ⅔″, S35 (cine),35 mm full frame still and 645, but it can be at least about 1.0 inches,6 cm×17 cm or larger. In one series of brain modules, sensors arecontemplated having sizes of at least about 10.1×5.35 mm; 24.4×13.7 mm;30×15 mm; 36×24 mm; 56×42 mm and 186×56 mm. Additionally, the imagesensor can be configured to provide variable resolution by selectivelyoutputting only a predetermined portion of the sensor. For example, thesensor and/or the image processing module can be configured to allow auser to identify the resolution of the image data output.

The brain module 112 of certain embodiments may be referred to as the“brain” of the camera system 110 for example. Thus, as described herein,users can select different brain modules 112 or “brains” around whichthey can build camera systems having a multitude of possibleconfigurations.

The camera can also be configured to scale down the resolution, such asby down-sampling and subsequently processing the output of the sensor toyield video output at 2K, 1080p, 720p, or any other resolution. Forexample, the image data from the sensor can be “windowed”, therebyreducing the size of the output image and allowing for higher readoutspeeds. Alternatively, brain modules having different sensor sizes maybe exchanged depending upon the desired effect. Additionally, the cameracan be configured to up-sample the output of the sensor to yield videooutput at higher resolutions. In some embodiments, the sensor caninclude a Bayer pattern filter. As such, the sensor, by way of itschipset (not shown) outputs data representing magnitudes of red, green,or blue light detected by individual photocells of the image sensor. Anyof a variety of sensor sizes or other sensor characteristics may beutilized in the modular camera system of the present disclosure.

The electronics contained in the sensor and electronics module 112 aredigital signal processing electronics for processing image data capturedby the sensor. The brain module may be configured to deliver any of avariety of desired performance characteristics. For example, lightreceived by the sensor may be converted into raw digital image data at arate of at least about 23 frames per second (fps), wherein the raw datais compressed and recorded at a rate of at least about 23 (fps) into therecording module 120. In various embodiments, frame rates of from about1 fps to about 250 fps or more can be achieved. For example, the framerate may depend on the resolution setting. In some embodiments, thecamera 110 is configured for frame rates of from between about 1 fps andabout 100 fps in a “5 k” resolution mode, from about 1 and about 125 fpsin a “4 k” resolution mode, from about 1 and about 125 fps in a quad HDmode, from about 1 and about 160 fps in a “3 k” resolution mode, andfrom about 1 and about 250 fps in a “2 k” resolution mode. Possibleframe rates include, e.g., frame rates of greater than 12, as well asframe rates of 20, 23.976, 24, 30, 60, and 120 frames per second, orother frame rates between these frame rates or greater. The camera 110can include a separate compression module, or the compressionelectronics can be carried within the brain module 112. The compressionelectronics can be in the form of a separate chip or it can beimplemented with software and another processor. General purposeprocessors, DSP's, custom chips, or processors specialized for imageprocessing may be used. For example, the compression electronics can bein the form of a commercially available compression chip that performs acompression technique in accordance with the JPEG 2000 standard, orother compression techniques.

In some embodiments, the compression module could use a custom ASIC orFPGA or one of many commercially available compression chips orchipsets. The compression module may include subcomponents to allowparallel compression of image data. For example, the compression modulemay use a first processor or compression chip to compress pictureelements corresponding to a first wavelength, and a second processor orcompression chip to compress picture elements corresponding to a secondwavelength.

In some embodiments, the compression module comprises one or more JPEG2000 compression chips. In some embodiments, the compression modulecomprises one or more ADV202 or ADV212 JPEG 2000 Video Codec chipsavailable from Analog Devices. In some embodiments, the compressionmodule comprises one or more QuVIS Digital Mastering Codecs availablefrom QuVIS, Inc. In some embodiments, the compression module comprisesone or more RB5C635 JPEG 2000 Coders available from Ricoh.

The brain module 112 can be configured to perform many types ofcompression processes on the data from the sensor. In some embodiments,the brain module 112 performs a compression technique that takesadvantage of the techniques performed by the image processing system.For example, the image processing system can be configured to reduce themagnitude of the values of the red and blue data by subtracting themagnitudes of green image data, thereby resulting in a greater number ofzero values, as well as other effects. Additionally, the imageprocessing system can perform a manipulation of raw data that uses theentropy of the image data. Thus, the compression technique performed bythe brain module 112 can be of a type that benefits from the presence oflarger strings of zeros to reduce the size of the compressed data outputtherefrom.

Further, the brain module 112 can be configured to compress the imagedata from the sensor to result in a visually lossless output. The brainmodule 112 can be configured to apply any known compression technique,such as, but without limitation, JPEG 2000, MotionJPEG, any DCT basedcodec, any codec designed for compressing RGB image data, H.264, MPEG4,Huffman, or other techniques. Moreover, as with the other modularcomponents in the system, the modularity of the brain module 112 allowsfor other compression and/or processing techniques to be incorporated astechnology develops and new techniques emerge.

Depending on the type of compression technique used, the variousparameters of the compression technique can be set to provide a visuallylossless output. For example, many of the compression techniques notedabove can be adjusted to different compression rates, wherein whendecompressed, the resulting image is better quality for lowercompression rates and lower quality for higher compression rates. Thus,the compression capability can be configured to compress the image datain a way that provides a visually lossless output, or can be configuredto allow a user to adjust various parameters to obtain a visuallylossless output. For example, the brain module 112 can be configured tocompress the image data at a compression ratio of about 6:1, 7:1, 8:1 orgreater. In some embodiments, the brain module 112 can be configured tocompress the image data to a ratio of 12:1 or higher. In someembodiments, the brain module 112 achieves compression ratios of about2:1, 3:1, 4:1 or 5:1.

Additionally, the brain module 112 can be configured to allow a user toadjust the compression ratio. For example, the camera 110 can include auser interface such as on a user interface module 122 that allows a userto input commands that cause the brain module 112 to change thecompression ratio. Thus, in some embodiments, the camera 110 can providefor variable compression.

As used herein, the term “visually lossless” is intended to includeoutput that, when compared side by side with original (never compressed)image data on the same display device, one of ordinary skill in the artwould not be able to determine which image is the original with areasonable degree of accuracy, based only on a non-magnified visualinspection of the images. Additional aspects of the preferred compressedraw onboard image data handling capabilities are disclosed in U.S.patent application Ser. No. 12/101,882, filed Apr. 11, 2008, entitledVideo Camera, to Jannard et al., the entirety of which is herebyincorporated by reference herein.

In addition to the connectors provided on the expansion interface 138,the brain module 112 of some embodiments includes various inputs and/oroutputs. For example, referring to FIG. 1B, in one embodiment, the brainmodule 112 includes various connectors 101 for providing data inputand/or output. In various embodiments, such connectors 101 include oneor more video (e.g., HDMI, BNC), audio in and out, data and/or or powerconnectors. In some embodiments, the brain module 112 includes one ormore controls such as the power button 102.

In some embodiments, various components internal to the brain module 112can be removable. Such components can include, for example, filters(e.g., an optical low pass filter (OLPF), cable connectors, etc. In oneembodiment, the sensor is removable from the brain module 112 and can bereplaced with a different sensor.

As noted above with reference to FIG. 1D, the brain 112 can include anarrangement of ports 101. For example, more specifically, thearrangement of ports 101 can include an HD-SDI port 1300, a headphoneaudio port 1302, a video sync port 1304, a remote control port such asan RS232 control port 1306, a data port 1308 which can be in the form ofa gigabit Ethernet port, a direct current (DC) power port 1310, and anHDMI video output port 1312. However, the brain 112 can also have othertypes of ports for other formats of video, audio, remote controlsignals, time code signals, data, etc.

Lens Mount Module

Referring to FIG. 1C, the brain module 112 of certain embodiments isprovided with a lens mount module interface 113 for releasablyconnecting to a complementary brain module interface 115 on a lens mountmodule 114. FIG. 1C shows a lens mount module 114 of the camera system110 in a disassembled configuration. The lens mount module 114 isprovided with a lens interface 117 for releasable connection to acomplementary interface 134 on a lens 116.

For example, a user may releasably connect the lens mount module 114 tothe camera system 110 using a plurality of mounting bolts 121. In otherembodiments, the lens mount module 114 and corresponding portion of thelens mount module interface 113 include other mounting mechanisms suchas snap- or friction-fit mechanisms, threaded mounts, etc.

The lens mount module interface 113 of the brain module 112 includes anelectrical interface such as an electrical connector 103 in certainembodiments. The electrical interface connects to a correspondingelectrical interface (not shown) on the brain module interface 115 ofthe lens mount module 114. The electrical interfaces may comprise avariety of electrical connection types and allow for communicationbetween the brain module and one or more of the mount module 114 and thelens 116, for example. In one embodiment, the electrical interfacesallow the brain module 112 to communicate drive signals to the lens 116for automatically focusing the lens 116.

In some embodiments, the lens interface 117 includes a locking ring 118and a interior surface 119 defining an opening for receiving the lens116. The locking ring 118 is tightened by a user following insertion ofthe lens 116 into the opening, locking the lens 116 into place, althougha variety of mechanisms for fastening the lens 116 into place arepossible.

The modular camera system 110 is preferably configured to cooperate withany of a variety of commercially available lens systems from a varietyof lens manufacturers. Thus, a plurality of lens mount modules 114 maybe provided, each having a brain module interface for releasableconnection to the brain module 112, and each having a unique lensinterface such as RED-PL Mount RED Mini PL Mount, (Red Digital CinemaCamera Company); PL Mount; Canon Mount; Nikon Mount; Medium FormatMount; Mamiya Mount; RED 617 Mount; Linhof Mount; or Alpa Mount.

The lens mount interface on lens mount module 114 is preferably alsoconfigured to receive any of a plurality of different types of lenssystems from the same lens mount type for example, but withoutlimitation, various sizes of lens systems including a 50-100 millimeter(T3) zoom lens, a 50-150 millimeter (T3) zoom lens, an 18-50 millimeter(T3) zoom lens, an 18-85 millimeter (T2.9) zoom lens, a 300 millimeter(T2.8) lens, 18 millimeter (T2.9) lens, 25 millimeter (T1.8) lens, 35millimeter (T1.8) lens, 50 millimeter (T1.8) lens, 85 millimeter (T1.8)lens, 85 millimeter (T1.8) lens, 100 millimeter (T1.8) and/or any otherlens. In certain embodiments, a 50-100 millimeter (F2.8) zoom lens, an18-50 millimeter (F2.8) zoom lens, a 300 millimeter (F2.8) lens, 15millimeter (F2.8) lens, 25 millimeter (F1.9) lens, 35 millimeter (F1.9)lens, 50 millimeter (F1.9) lens, 85 millimeter and/or (F1.9) lens may beused. Each lens mount module is customized to a corresponding lens orlenses such that despite which complementary lens mount module—lensassembly is attached thereto, images can be properly focused upon alight-sensitive surface of the image sensor in brain module 112.

The focal distance of the modular camera system is the linear distancealong the optical path between the lens mount module lens interface andthe sensor surface. This includes the sum of the back focal distancewithin the brain module, and the focal distance of the lens mountmodule. A plurality of lens mount modules may be provided, forcooperating with the modular camera system, each lens mount configuredto attach a commercially available lens onto the modular camera systemof the present disclosure. Lens mount modules in accordance with thepresent disclosure will have focal lengths such that the total focallength of the complementary lens mount module and brain module is about17 mm, 35 mm, 46 mm, 48 mm, 52 mm, or other desired focal length.Preferably, the back focal length of the sensor module is no more thanabout 16 mm, in some embodiments no more than about 14, and, in oneembodiment, is about 12 mm.

As discussed, the pre-calibrated, modular aspect of the camera system ofthe present disclosure enables a user to construct a modular camerawith, for example, a first brain module having a first, smaller sensorsize. When a larger sensor is desired, the user may uncouple the lensmount module and the electronics modules from the brain module with thefirst sensor size, and reassemble the modular system using a secondbrain module having a second, larger sensor size. All of the reassembledmodules with the second brain module are automatically calibrated forseamless functioning without the need for extra calibration oradjustment steps. This allows the user to upgrade the sensor without theneed to purchase a new camera or camera system. The sameexchange/upgrade capability exists with respect to each of the modulesin the system.

The system may further include a focus calibration apparatus whichallows fine adjustments to be made to the focal distance between thecamera lens 116 and the sensor, in particular to take into account smallchanges in the mechanical tolerances when changing lenses, or focallength changes due to factors such as temperature changes. Such acalibration apparatus can have a relatively straightforward control,like a focus ring, that a user can easily manipulate to simplify andspeed the lens calibration process.

In some embodiments, the focus calibration apparatus or portions thereofmay be included in the lens mount module 114, the sensor module 112, ora combination thereof. In one embodiment, the entire calibrationapparatus is included in the lens mount module 114. For example, thefocus calibration apparatus of some embodiments allows controlledadjustment of the length along the optical path between the sensor andthe lens of about 0.002 inches or less, in some embodiments about 0.001inches or less, and, in some embodiments of about 0.0005 inches or less.Adjustment may be on a continuous basis, or in a stepped function.Examples of focus calibration apparatus that can be used with the camerasystems described herein can be found in U.S. patent application Ser.No. 12/625,451 (the '451 Application), filed on Nov. 24, 2009, which isincorporated by reference in its entirety herein.

Additionally, the expansion modules of the modular camera systemsdisclosed herein may be connected in any order to each other, and/or tothe brain module. This functionality is illustrated with respect to FIG.2, which is a schematic representation of a camera system 200 includingvarious modules. The modular camera system 210 includes a sensor andelectronics module 212, lens 216, and various expansion modulesincluding a recording module 220, user interface module 222, powermodule 224, input/output module 226, and optional adapter module 228.

As illustrated by the dotted lines, the various modules can be connectedto each other and to the brain module 212 in generally any order. Thecamera system 200 can further include a lens mount module 214. Stillreferring to FIG. 2, an optional image stabilization module 218 may beprovided, to enable image stabilization as is understood in the art. Inone implementation, the image stabilization module 218 is configured forconnection in between the brain module 212 and the lens mount module214.

In various embodiments, the modules of the camera system 210 of FIG. 2,including the brain module 212, recording module 220, user interfacemodule 222, power module 224, input/output module 226 and adapter module228 may be generally similar to or the same as the corresponding modulesof the camera system 110 of FIG. 1. Alternatively, one or more of themodules of the camera system 210 of FIG. 2 are different from themodules of the camera system 110 of FIG. 1 in other embodiments.

Adapter Module

Referring again to FIGS. 1A-B, compatible brain modules may have avariety of physical dimensions, mechanical connection types and/orelectrical connection types. On the other hand, various other modules inthe system have a generally common interface type, allowing them to beconnected to each other or stacked in any sequence, as described herein.

The adapter module 128 in certain embodiments which enables connectionbetween the brain module and the common interfaces included on the othermodules, allowing a variety of sensors modules having a variety ofinterface types to be modularly expanded. The optional adapter module128 provides an interface between the brain module 112 and variousexpansion modules (e.g., the recording module 120, user interface module122, power module 124 and/or input/output module 126) of the camerasystem 110. The adapter module 128 may be referred to interchangeablyherein as an adapter module 128 and adapter plate 128.

For example, the adapter module 128 in some embodiments providesmechanical translation between the brain module 112 and various othermodules having a different mechanical interface. In some embodiments,the adapter module 128 provides electrical translation between theelectrical interface of brain module 112 and electrical interfaces ofvarious other modules in the system 110.

The brain module 112 includes an expansion interface 138, and theexpansion modules including the input/output module 126, recordingmodules 120 and power module 124 include a first interface 142 which iscommon to each of those modules. In some configurations, the brainmodule 112 may include one or more additional expansion interfaces 138,such as on a side of the brain module 112, for example.

The expansion interface 138 of the brain module 112 may not bemechanically, electrically, or otherwise compatible with the firstinterface 142 of the expansion modules in certain configurations. Forexample, the expansion interface 138 does not mechanically cooperatewith the first interface 142. To address this incompatibility, theadapter module 128 includes a brain module interface 136 configured tocooperate with the expansion interface 138 on the brain module 112, anda module interface 140 configured to cooperate with the first interface142 common to certain expansion modules of the camera system 110. Thus,the adapter module 128 allows for cooperation between the brain module112 and the expansion modules including, for example, one or more of theinput/output module 126, recording modules 120, power module 124, andother modules.

As described, adapter modules may be designed for use with a variety ofbrain modules. For example, in some embodiments a first adapter moduleis designed for use with a first brain module, and a second adaptermodule is designed for use with a second brain module. FIGS. 3A-B arefront and rear perspective exploded views of another configuration of amodular camera system 310 including a brain module 312 which isdifferent from the brain module 112 of FIG. 1. The modular camera system310 also includes a lens 316 and adapter module 328. The modular camerasystem 310 can also include various modules, including the recordingmodules 120, user interface module 122, power module 124, andinput/output module 126 of FIG. 1, for example.

As shown, the brain module 312 of FIG. 3 is narrower than the expansionmodules 120, 124, 126. Thus, the adapter module 328 includes a narrowportion 344 terminating in a first interface 336 configured to cooperatewith the interface 338 on the brain module 312. The adapter module 328further includes a wider portion 346 having a width similar to that ofthe expansion modules 120, 124, 126. The wider portion 346 terminates ina second interface 340 configured to cooperate with the first interface142 of the expansion modules 120, 124, 126.

Thus, the adapter module 128 of the camera system 110 of FIG. 1 isdesigned for use with a first brain module 112, and a second adaptermodule 328 of FIG. 3 is designed for use with a second brain module 312.Accordingly, a variety of adapter modules may be provided, each havingan interface for releasable connection to a common expansion moduleinterface and to a unique brain module interface.

Depending on the type of brain module interface, various adapter moduleconfigurations are possible. For example, adapter modules designed foruse with brain modules having various physical characteristics may beprovided, such as adapter modules for use with relatively wide, tall, orirregularly shaped brain modules. In some embodiments, the adaptermodule is designed to interface with a brain module having an electricalconnection type that is different from the electrical connection type ofthe expansion modules.

In various embodiments, one or more of the modules may be directlyreleasably connectable and otherwise compatible with the interface onthe brain module without using the adapter module. For example, the userinterface module 122 can include an interface 148 releasably engageablewith the expansion interface 138 of the brain module 112 of FIG. 1 andthe interface 338 of the brain module 312 of FIG. 3. In suchembodiments, the user interface module 122 may also be releasablyengageable with the module interface 140 of the adapter module 128 ofFIG. 1 and/or the interface 340 of the adapter module 328 of FIG. 3.

In some embodiments, no adapter module 128 is included, and the brainmodule 112 is adapted to cooperate with the first interface 142 of theexpansion modules (e.g., recording module 120, power module 124, and/orinput/output module 126) of the camera system 110.

Expansion Modules

Referring again to FIGS. 1A-B, the expansion modules of the modularcamera system 110 may be connected in any order to each other, and/or tothe brain module 112. Modules for use with the camera system of thepresent disclosure include, but are not limited to, at least onerecording module 120, at least one user interface module 122, at leastone power module 124 and at least one input/output module 126. Theexpansion modules are referred to interchangeably herein as functionalmodules, expansion modules and modules.

The at least one recording module 120 of some embodiments includes afirst recording module 120 a and a second recording module 120 b. In oneembodiment, the first recording module 120 a comprises a solid statedisk (“SSD”) and the second module 120 b includes a CF memory card. Invarious configurations, generally any compatible storage technology maybe used. For example, the recording modules 120 may include any of avariety of memory technologies, such as hard drives, spinning drives,flash memory, solid state drives, RAID drives, optical discs, or othersthat may be developed in the art. As with other modules in the presentsystem, the particular media used in the current module is deemphasizedin importance compared to some of the prior art systems, since themodule may be simply removed and replaced as upgraded technology becomesavailable. While the camera system 110 shows a set of two recordingmodules 120 a, 120 b, only one recording module, or more than tworecording modules may be used depending on the application.

In some embodiments, the recording module 120 storage medium or aportion thereof is not integrated into the housing of the recordingmodule 120. In such embodiments, the recording module 120 can beconfigured to releasably receive one or more memory devices. Forexample, referring to FIG. 1B, the first recording module 120 a of oneembodiment includes a drive bay 104 for receiving one or more solidstate hard drives 105. In one embodiment, the second recording module120 b includes a slot 106 for releasably receiving a CF card 107. Inother embodiments, generally any type of storage medium andcorresponding receiving mechanisms can be used.

In some embodiments, the size of the storage device can be sufficientlylarge to store image data from the compression circuitry correspondingto at least about 30 minutes of video at 12 mega pixel resolution,12-bit color resolution, and at 60 frames per second. However, thestorage device can have any desired size. In one implementation of thedisclosure, recording module 20 includes one or two or more 2.5″ 160 GBlaptop hard drives arranged in a hardware-based RAID.

In some embodiments, the recording module can be mounted on an exteriorof the modular camera. Secondary storage devices can be carried byadditional recording modules, attached to or external to the camera. Thestorage device can be connected to the other components through standardor custom communication ports, including, for example, but withoutlimitation, Ethernet, USB, USB2, USB3, IEEE 1394 (including but notlimited to FireWire 400, FireWire 800, FireWire S3200, FireWire S800T,i.LINK, DV), SATA and SCSI. Further, in some embodiments, the storagedevice can comprise a plurality of hard drives, such as those operatingunder a RAID protocol. However, any type of storage device can be used.

Referring to FIG. 1B, the user interface 122 includes any of a varietyof standard user interface features, such as a viewing screen 123 forviewing sampled images and controls 146 for operating the camera. Thescreen 123 may be a touch screen, with integrated controls 146, orseparate controls 146 such as knobs, keypads and the like may be used.The controls 146 can provide a variety of functions including, forexample, toggling the camera between motion and still modes, entering arecord mode, operating one or more of the displays or other componentsof the camera system 110, and the like. The user interface module 122can switch the camera into a DSLR mode in some embodiments, for example,

In some embodiments, the user interface 122 and/or the brain module 112can include a subsampling system configured to output reduced resolutionimage data to the monitor on user interface module 122. For example,such a subsampling system can be configured to output video image datato support 2K, 1080p, 720p, or any other resolution. In someembodiments, filters used for demosaicing can be adapted to also performdown-sampling filtering, such that down-sampling and filtering can beperformed at the same time. The brain module 112 can be configured toperform any type of demosaicing process to the data from the sensor.Thereafter, demosaiced image data can be displayed on the monitor.

The display 123 on user interface module 122 can include any type ofmonitoring device. For example, but without limitation, the display canbe a four-inch LCD panel supported by the user interface 122. In certainembodiments, the camera 110 includes a separate display instead of, orin addition to the display 123 incorporated in the user interface module122. In various other embodiments, the display is a 2.8, 5, 7 or 9 inchLCD panel. In some embodiments, the display can be connected to aninfinitely adjustable mount configured to allow the display to beadjusted to any position relative to the housing of the user interfacemodule 122 and the camera system 110 so that a user can view the displayat any angle relative to the camera 110. In some embodiments, thedisplay can be connected to the monitor module through any type of videocables such as, for example, an RGB or YCC format video cable. FIG. 12described below includes an example camera configuration including aseparate display with an adjustable viewing angle.

Preferably, the user interface 122 includes a wireless transceiver, forwireless communication with the brain module 112. In one embodiment, theuser interface 122 is configured to communicate with the brain module112 when the user interface 122 is within a certain distance (e.g., 100feet) of the brain module 112. This is in parallel with a hard-wired buswithin the user interface 122, for connection physically into thesystem, as will be discussed. This enables the user interface 122 toeither be mounted directly to and hardwired to the modular camera, orremoved from the modular camera and operated remotely, to control thecamera functionality. In other embodiments, the user interface 122includes only a physical connection and not a wireless connection to thebrain module 112, or vice versa.

In some embodiments, various aspects of the user interface functionalitymay be distributed and/or replicated amongst other portions of thecamera system such as the brain module 112 or other modules. Forexample, the brain module 112 may include one or more controls similarto those provided on the user interface module 122.

In certain implementations of the disclosure, the modular camera isfunctional in each of a digital still and motion mode (DSMC). In thismode, the user interface 122 is preferably configured such that itdisplays the appropriate settings, controls and feedback for motion whenthe camera is used as a motion camera, and the user interface 122automatically switches to preconfigured display and control mode whenthe camera is utilized in a still picture mode. The display and controlsmay be automatically toggled between the motion mode and the still modein response to manipulation of a control, such as a first switch orbutton for activating motion mode filming and a second switch or buttonfor activating still shooting. In this manner, the photographer maytoggle as desired between still shooting and motion shooting by simplyselecting the right shutter control, and the user interfaceautomatically reconfigures or toggles back and forth between theappropriate feedback and controls. The shutter control switch may be anyof a variety of trigger switches, push buttons, toggle switches, sliderswitches, knobs, touch screen sensors or other switches as is known inthe art. The first and second switches may be located adjacent eachother, and may be differentiated such as by a different size, shape,texture or elevation from the adjacent portion of the modular body towhich the controls are mounted.

For example, a user might set still shooting preferences such as 5K, ISO500, Aperture Priority, F5.6, Average Metering, Continuous Auto FocusMode, 5 FPS, and a software choice. Any of these variables may bemodified as desired, until the user has set desired preferences for aparticular application. For shooting motion in the same setting, theuser might select 4K, ISO 500, Manual Exposure Adjustment, 60 FPS and adifferent software choice. Both sets of settings are retained in thecamera. If the user hits the ‘still’ record button, all of the stillpreferences are implemented and/or displayed on the LCD or othermonitor. If the user then hits the ‘motion’ record button, the cameraautomatically implements and/or displays the preselected motionassociated preferences, so that the user does not have to manuallyreconfigure the camera settings. Preferably the user can distinguish themotion and still record controls such as through tactile feedback orother mechanism so that he can switch modes without needing to look awayfrom the monitor or EVF.

The power module 124 may include any of a variety of known powersupplies, such as batteries, fuel cells, solar, line input such as froma transformer or studio power or other source or combinations thereof.Typically, conventional rechargeable batteries will be used. The modularcamera system 110 may be provided with one or two or three or four ormore power modules 124, which may be stacked onto the modular assemblyin any order, relative to the other modules, depending upon the desiredphysical configuration of the system. In some embodiments, a singlepower module 124 may include two or three or four or more separate powersources (e.g., batteries). The individual power sources may bereleasable from the power module 124 in some embodiments. In oneembodiment, the power module 124 comprises a quad battery back includingfour separate batteries. Power module 124 will often be the heaviest ofthe various modules. As a consequence, shifting the power modules 124 ina forward direction or a rearward direction relative to the othermodules along the optical axis of the system will change the center ofgravity of the system. This may be utilized to optimize the balance inthe camera for the intended configuration, such as when configured in aDSLR mode versus an ENG mode, and/or to provide desired balance for usewith a larger or small lens. Such balancing may be achieved by movinggenerally any of the expansion modules described herein instead of, orin addition to the power modules 124.

A further option for the modular camera system of the present disclosureis the provision of one or two or three or more dummy modules (notillustrated) which are physically capable of connecting into the modulestack, and include internal electronics to complete the bus through thedummy module, such as when the dummy module or modules are positionedcloser to the brain module than the rear of the stack. The dummy modulepreferably comprises a module housing with through bus wiring but noadditional weight or electronics, or a predetermined weight rating. Thisenables a further shifting of the center of gravity of the overallsystem, as may be desired for specialty configurations. In addition, theuse of one or more dummy modules enables the remaining modules to berepositioned relative to the brain module, which may be desirable asdescribed below.

Dummy modules may further include mechanical connections or mountingpoints, allowing for further expansion of the modular camera system. Forexample, dummy modules or other modules described herein may includemounts for components such as rails, handles, view finders, shoulderpads, or any other appropriate camera component. In various embodiments,the mounts may include mounting bars, clasps, clamps, male or femalethreaded portions, snap-fit or friction-fit mechanisms, and the like.

As referenced above, the modular camera in accordance with the presentdisclosure may be interchangeably configurable for motion shooting,still shooting, or DSMC (digital stills and motion) loads. For digitalstill photography, an input/output module 126 may or may not be utilizeddepending upon user preference. However, when shooting in motion mode,an in/out module 126 is preferably provided. As with the other modulesin the system, the in/out module 126 is configured for attachment in anyorder directly or indirectly to the brain module 112.

The in/out module 126 may include a variety of input and/or outputconnections 108 including, for example, audio signals, synchronizationsignals, dual link HD-SDI monitoring and other connections useful in thefilm production environment. Generally, the specific in/out module 126configuration can be customized to production requirements and userpreference.

Additionally, the in/out module 126 of some embodiments includes aninterface 109 for coupling one of display screens described herein, suchas a display screen of an electronic viewfinder.

As is understood in the motion picture arts, motion picture cameras areoften mounted and used in environments where supporting frames, cables,rails, rods, shoulder mounts, tripod mounts and other equipment areclosely packed into small or tight spaces. As a consequence, the abilityof the in/out module 126 to be moved forward or backwards along theoptical axis relative to the other modules provides the valuable benefitof allowing input/output cables connected to module 126 to berepositioned in a way that minimizes the obstruction by adjacent cablesand structures. This may be accomplished both by rearranging thefunctional modules described above, as well as by the positioning of oneor more dummy modules in the module stack.

FIGS. 1-3 show certain example configurations including some examplemodule types presently contemplated. Other types of modules can be used,such as modules custom designed according to specific user requirements.Additionally, other numbers of expansion modules may be used in variousconfigurations. For example, multiple power modules 124 may be used toprovide longer run-times before recharge. A second input/output module126, such as an input/output modules 126 having additional types ofinputs and outputs may be used, providing enhanced input/outputcapability. In other configurations, one or more of the modules shown inFIGS. 1-3 are not included, or the modules shown are arranged in adifferent physical arrangement.

As described herein, a variety of other types of modules not shown inFIG. 1 can be implemented. As one example, in one embodiment, one ormore of the modules shown, or some other module, includes a coolingunit, e.g., a fan. Additionally, the functionality of certain modulesmay be combined into a single detachable module. For example, in variousembodiments, individual modules may include two or more of a powersource, recording capability, input/output functionality, user interfacecapability, or other capability. Additionally, some of the modularaspects of the camera system 110 described herein can be compatible withfilm recording in some alternative embodiments. For example, in oneembodiment, the brain module 112 is configured to receive and exposephotographic film instead of, or in addition to, including a digitalsensor.

Module Interfaces

Referring to FIG. 4, there is illustrated a schematic view of oneembodiment of a single module 430 in accordance with the presentdisclosure. The module 430 of FIG. 4 may be any of the electronicsmodules described herein. This is distinguished from the optics modulessuch as the brain module 112, lens mount module 114, and, if present,image stabilization module 118, which are configured to receive anoptical signal, although such modules may include interfaces andfeatures similar to those of the module 430, and vice versa.

Referring to FIG. 4, the module 430 includes a housing 432. The housing432 is provided with at least a first interface 434, for releasableconnection to an adjacent module. As will be appreciated in view of theforegoing, the housing 432 is preferably provided with two or moreinterfaces, to enable the module to be positioned within andelectrically and mechanically engaged within a stack between two othermodules. The first and second interface may be provided on oppositesurfaces of the module, or may be provided on adjacent surfaces of themodule, such as to enable stacking of modules in a non-linearconfiguration.

In the illustrated embodiment, a first interface 434 is provided on afirst surface 436 of the housing 432 and a second interface (not shown)is preferably provided on a second, opposite surface of the housingwhich is not visible in FIG. 4. One or more of the first interface 434and the second interface may be configured to cooperate with aninterface of a brain module such as one of the brain modules describedherein. Thus, one or more modules can be stacked onto a brain module.Additionally, in embodiments where an adapter module is used, one ormore of the first interface 434 and the second interface may beconfigured to cooperate with the adapter module rather than directlywith the brain module. The interface comprises a multi-functionelectrical connector 438, for providing electrical communication withthe adjacent module. The interface additionally comprises a mechanicalconnector 440, for facilitating mechanical releasable locking of theadjacent modules. Alternatively, the multi-function electrical connector438 can additionally be utilized to perform mechanical interlockingbetween adjacent modules.

FIG. 5 shows a rear view of the brain module 112 of FIG. 1 and FIG. 6Ashows a front view of the adapter module 128 of FIG. 1. The expansioninterface 138 of the brain module 112 is configured to cooperate withthe corresponding brain module interface 136 of the adapter module 128.The interfaces are configured for releasable, robust electricalcommunication and mechanical interlocking between the brain module 112and the adapter module 128.

Referring to FIGS. 5 and 6A, the expansion interface 138 of the brainmodule 112 has a mechanical interface configured to releasably engage acorresponding interface of the brain module interface 136 of the adaptermodule 128. The mechanical interface of one embodiment includes amounting surface 139, a support 150 having locking notches 151, andholes 152.

The expansion interface 138 also includes an electrical interfaceincluding first and second connectors 154, 156. The first and secondconnectors 154, 156 of certain embodiments comprise multi-functionelectrical connectors for providing electrical communication with theadapter module 128 and with generally any attached expansion modules viathe adapter module. In some other embodiments, the electrical interfaceincludes only one type of electrical connector or includes more than twotypes of electrical connectors.

In one embodiment, the corresponding brain module interface 136 of theadapter module 128 includes a mechanical interface including a mountingsurface 156, support recess 158 and pegs 160. The mechanical interfaceis configured to cooperate with the corresponding features of theexpansion interface 138 of the brain module 112 including the mountingsurface 139, support 150 and holes 152 of the brain module 112,respectively. Thus, the corresponding mechanical interfaces providereleasable mechanical interlocking between brain module 112 and adaptermodule 128.

Referring still to FIGS. 5 and 6A, the support 150 and correspondingsupport recess 158 are shaped as isosceles trapezoids, providing anefficient distribution of the weight of the adapter module 128 and anyattached expansion modules onto the brain module 112 in an assembledconfiguration. A variety shapes may be used for the support 150 andrecess 158 in other configurations including rectangular, square,circular, and other shapes. In certain embodiments where the support 150and recess 158 comprise shapes having terminating angles (e.g.,rectangles, squares, triangles), it is preferable that the such anglesbe blunted, rounded, or otherwise smoothed, minimizing stress (e.g.,breaking force) between the support 150 and recess 138. For example, thesupport 150 and recess 158 are generally triangular but comprise a flattop portion and rounded bottom corners, respectively.

The adapter module 128 further includes an electrical interfaceincluding connector 164. The connector 164 is configured to cooperatewith the second connector 156 of the brain module 112, providingelectrical communication between the brain module 112 and the adaptermodule 128. Recess 162 physically receives the first connector 154 ofthe brain module 112. In some embodiments, the recess 162 includes anelectrical connector configured for electrical communication with thefirst connector 154 of the brain module 110. In other embodiments, therecess is not configured for electrical communication.

The first and second electrical connectors 154, 156 of the brain module112 and corresponding recess 162 and connector 164 of the adapter module128 may additionally provide mechanical interlocking between the brainmodule 112 and the adapter module 128.

The expansion interface 138 of the brain module 112 is configured tomate directly with one or more of the expansion modules in certainembodiments without the intermediate adapter module 128. For example,the user interface module 122 mates directly with the brain module 112in some embodiments as described below with respect to FIG. 8. In otherembodiments, no adapter module 128 is used and the other expansionmodules are configured to couple directly with the brain module 112.

FIG. 6B shows a rear view of the adapter module 128 of FIG. 1. FIGS.7A-B show front and rear views of the second recording module 120 b ofFIG. 1. The second recording module 120 b includes a first interface 142and a second interface 144. While the recording module 120 b is shownfor the purposes of illustration, one or more of the other expansionmodules (e.g., the first recording module 120 a, power module 124 andinput/output module 126) include a first interface 142 and a secondinterface 144 generally the same as those of the recording module 120 b,enabling the interchangeability of expansion modules.

The module interface 140 of the adapter module 140 and the firstinterface 142 are configured for releasable, reliable electricalcommunication and mechanical interlocking between the adapter module 128and the various expansion modules including the second recording module120 b.

The module interface 140 of the adapter module 128 has a mechanicalinterface configured to releasably engage a corresponding mechanicalinterface of the first interface 142 of the expansion modules such asthe recording module 120 b. The mechanical interface of one embodimentincludes a mounting surface 166, lower holes 168 a, 168 b, a support 170having locking notches 171, recesses 172 a, 172 b, and an upper slot174.

The module interface 140 further includes an electrical interfaceincluding first and second electrical connectors 176, 178. The first andsecond connectors 176, 178 include multi-function electrical connectorsfor providing electrical communication with the expansion modules. Insome other embodiments, the electrical interface includes only one typeof electrical connector or includes more than two types of electricalconnectors.

The first interface 142 includes a mechanical interface having amounting surface 180, pegs 181 a, 181 b, support recess 183, ribs 182 a,182 b, and upper swoosh 184. The interface is configured to mate withthe corresponding features of the mechanical interface of the moduleinterface 140 including the mounting surface 166, lower slots 168 a, 168b, support 170, recesses 172 a, 172 b, and upper slot 174, respectively.

The first interface 142 further includes an electrical interface havingan electrical connector 186. The electrical connector 186 is configuredto cooperate with the second connector 178 of the adapter module 128,providing electrical communication between the brain module 112 and theadapter module 128. Recess 185 physically receives the first connector176 of the adapter module 128. In some embodiments, the recess 185 alsoincludes an electrical connector operably couplable with the firstconnector 176 of the adapter module 128. The first and second connectors176, 178 of the adapter module 128 and corresponding recess 185 andconnector 186 of the recording module 120 b and other expansion modulesmay additionally provide mechanical interlocking between the adaptermodule 128 and the expansion modules.

Referring to FIG. 7B, the recording module 120 b and other expansionmodules include a second interface 144. As described, in certainembodiments, and as shown in FIG. 1, each of the expansion modulespreferably include a first interface 142 and a second interface 144 onopposing sides of the modules which are substantially the same as thefirst interface 142 and the second interface 144 of the recording module120 b. In some embodiments, the second interface 144 is of a type thatis configured to cooperate with the first interface 142. Thus, theexpansion modules can be stacked in generally any order foruser-customizable configuration as described herein.

Additionally, as described above, both the second interface 144 and themodule interface 140 of the adapter module 128 are configured tocooperate with the first interface 142 of the expansion modules. Assuch, the second interface 144 may be substantially the same as orinclude substantially similar mechanical and electrical interfaces asthe module interface 140 of the adapter module 128. For example, thesecond interface 144 has a mechanical interface configured to releasablyengage a corresponding mechanical interface of the first interface 142.The mechanical interface of one embodiment includes a mounting surface187, lower holes 188 a, 188 b, a support 190 having locking notches 199,recesses 189 a, 189 b, and an upper slot 191.

The second interface 144 of some embodiments further includes anelectrical interface including first and second electrical connectors192, 193. The first and second connectors 192, 193 includemulti-function electrical connectors for providing electricalcommunication with the other expansion modules. In some otherembodiments, the electrical interface includes only one type ofelectrical connector or includes more than two types of electricalconnectors. The mechanical and electrical interfaces of the secondinterface 144 mechanically interlock and electrically couple with thecorresponding features of the first interface 142 in a manner generallysimilar to the module interface 140 of the adapter module 128.

FIG. 8 shows a detailed view of an interface 194 of the user interfacemodule 122. The interface 194 is configured for releasable, reliableelectrical communication and mechanical interlocking between the userinterface module 122 and the various expansion modules of the modularcamera system 110. For example, the user interface module 122 isconfigured for connection to the second interface 144 expansion modules,the module interface of the adapter module 128, and/or the expansioninterface 138 of the brain module 112. As such, the user interfacemodule can be used with the brain module 112 without the use of theadapter module 128. In some other embodiments, the interface 194 is thesame as the first interface 142 of the second recording module 120 b andother expansion modules.

In one embodiment, the interface 194 of the user interface module 122includes a mechanical interface having a mounting surface 195, supportrecess 197, and locking protuberances 198. The interface 194 furtherincludes an electrical interface including an electrical connector 196.The mechanical interface is configured to cooperate with the mechanicalinterfaces of the brain module 112, adapter module 128 and secondinterface 144 of the expansion module to fasten the user interfacemodule 122 to the corresponding modules.

Referring to FIGS. 5 and 8, the support recess 197 is configured toaccept the support 150 of the brain module 112. Moreover, the lockingprotuberances 198 engage the corresponding locking notches 151 of thesupport 150 of the brain module 112, providing enhanced locking of theuser interface module 122 and the brain module 112. Referring to FIGS.6B, 7B and 8, the user interface module mechanically mates in a similarfashion to the supports 170, 195 and corresponding locking notches 171,199 of the adapter module 128 and expansion modules.

In certain embodiments, the support recesses 158, 183 of the adaptermodule 128 and expansion modules also include mechanisms similar to thelocking protuberances 198 of the user interface 122.

Referring to FIGS. 5, 6B, 7B and 8, the electrical connector 196 of theuser interface module 122 is operably couplable with the firstelectrical connectors 154, 176, and 192 of the brain module 112, adaptermodule 128 and expansion modules, respectively, providing electricalcommunication between the user interface module 122 and the remainder ofthe modular camera system 110. The electrical connector 196 mayadditionally provide mechanical interlocking between the user interfacemodule and the other modules of the camera system 110.

Referring to FIGS. 5, 6B and 7B, the first electrical connectors 154,176, 192 of the brain module 112, of the adapter module 128, and of therecording module 120 b (or other expansion modules), respectively, cancomprise a variety of different connector types. In one embodiment, forexample, the first electrical connectors comprise a spring-loaded,single row, surface mount interconnect header made by Mill-Max Mfg. Corp(e.g., Product Number 812-22-003-30-003101). Referring to FIG. 8, incertain embodiments, the electrical connector 196 of the user interfacemodule 122 comprises a corresponding socket configured to electricallyand/or mechanically engage such a connector. Although not depicted inthe illustrated embodiments, the recesses 162, 185 of the adapter module128 and of the recording module 120 b (or other expansion modules) cansimilarly comprise corresponding sockets configured to electricallyand/or mechanically engage the first electrical connectors 154, 176,192.

Referring again to FIGS. 5, 6B and 7B, although other types ofconnectors may be used, in one embodiment, the second electricalconnectors 156, 178, 193 of the brain module 112, of the adapter module128, and of the recording module 120 b (and/or other expansion modules),respectively, comprise female SEARAY™ brand 180-pin connector socketsmade by Samtec (e.g., model number SEAF-30-06.5-X-06-X). Now referringto FIGS. 5, 6A and 7A, in such an embodiment, the electrical connectors164, 186 of the adapter module 140 and of the recording module 120 b(and/or other expansion modules), respectively, can be male SEARAY™brand 180-pin terminals made by Samtec (e.g., model numberSEAM-30-06.5-X-06-X). Additionally, the various connectors used in thecamera system 110 may be mechanically designed to withstand a relativelyhigh number of mating cycles, providing improved durability.

The various mechanical interlocking features of the modular camerasystem 110 are designed to provide robust, reliable connection duringuse. For example, a relatively heavy load is placed on the mechanicalconnections between the various modules, such as in configurationsincluding several expansion modules. Additionally, the mechanicalconnections will naturally undergo various stresses as users handle thecamera. The interfaces described herein each provide a variety ofcomplementary interlocking mechanisms which are selected and spatiallyarranged for synergistic operation. As a result, robust connection ismaintained between the various modules of the camera system under suchconditions without failure of the connections, significant mechanicalplay between the modules, or other undesirable effects.

Moreover, the mechanical interlocking allows for straightforwardconnection and disconnection of the various modules from one of another.This provides efficient and straightforward arrangement of the camerasystem into the desired modular configuration.

For example, referring to FIGS. 7A-B, in one embodiment a user attachesa first expansion module to a second expansion module (e.g., therearmost module on the camera system) by first inserting the swoosh 184of the first interface 142 of the first module into the upper slot 191of the second interface 144 of the second module. The user then bringsthe first interface 142 flush with the second interface 144. As aresult, the pegs 181 a, 181 b engage the holes 188 a, 188 b in afriction fit, ribs 182 a-c engage portions 189 a-c, and the electricalinterfaces of the two modules couple with one another. To disengage themodules, a user, in one embodiment, pulls the rearmost module away fromthe adjacent module, overcoming the friction fit between the pegs 181 a,181 b of the first module and the holes 188 a, 188 b of the adjacentmodule and further disengaging the remaining interlocking components. Auser may connect and disconnect the adapter module 128 to and from thebrain module 112 or connect and disconnect the expansion modules to andfrom the adapter module 128 in a generally similar fashion.

In one embodiment, a user connects the user interface module 122 bysliding the module 122 in a downward fashion onto the appropriateinterface of a desired module, such as the second interface 144 of therearmost expansion module in the system 110. The mounting recess 197 andlocking protuberances 198 engage the mount 170 and respecting lockingnotches 171 of the second interface 144, securing the user interfacemodule 122 in place. The electrical connector 196 also couples to theelectrical connector 176 of the second interface 144. For example, asshown, the connector 196 of certain embodiments comprises a plurality ofslats which receive corresponding pins on the first electrical connector176 of the second interface 144. The slats of the illustrated embodimentare elongate and are configured to allow the user interface module 122to slide down onto the corresponding interface of the adjacent module,releasably securing the module into place as described. In certainembodiments, a user attaches the user interface module 122 to the moduleinterface 140 of the adapter module 128 or to the expansion interface138 of the brain module 112 in a similar fashion.

In other embodiments, various other interface configurations andcorresponding methods of coupling and decoupling the components in thesystem are possible. For example, in some embodiments, variousmechanisms may be used to further secure the connections between thesensor module 112 and the expansion modules, between expansion modulesand other expansion modules, etc. One or more sliding lock mechanismscan be used, for example. Referring to FIGS. 7A-B, one or more of themodules can be configured to receive a locking pin which engages thepegs 181 a, 181 b of an adjacent, attached module. Such pins may, insome embodiments, comprise bobby pins, cotter pins, R-clips, split pins,and the like, or may be otherwise similar to such types of pins instructure and function. For example, a user may connect a first moduleto a second, adjacent module. The user may then insert a pin into anopening (not shown) positioned on one side of the first module andproviding access to a slot which extends laterally across the width ofthe first module. Although other configurations are possible, in oneembodiment, the slot extends across the entire width of the module,terminating in a second opening positioned on the opposite side of themodule. The slot can also be configured to intersect the holes 188 a,188 b of the first module such that, upon insertion into the slot, thepin engages the pegs 181 a, 181 b of the adjacent, second module,preventing separation of the modules without removal of the pin.

Additionally, in some embodiments, a separate supporting structure (notshown) can be used to support the assembled camera system or portionsthereof. For example, in various embodiments, an elongate tray, set ofrails, or other structure can be used to support the weight of theexpansion modules, relieving stress on the connection between the sensormodule 112 and the expansion modules. In one embodiment, an elongatetray is releasably anchored to the sensor module 112 and extends alongthe underside of the expansion modules, for example.

Moreover, the orientation of the interfaces or portions thereof may begenerally reversed in certain configurations. In one embodiment, themale and female mechanical interlocking features and electricalconnectors of the modules are generally reversed. Moreover, other typesof mechanical interlocking features and/or electrical connectors arecontemplated instead of or in addition to those of the illustratedembodiments. For example, adhesive or magnetic connections are used insome embodiments. In some embodiments no adapter module 128 is used, thebrain module 112 is directly compatible with the expansion modules, andthe expansion interface 138 is similar to or the same as the secondinterface 144 of the expansion modules.

Additional Module Interface Embodiments

FIG. 9A-B shows an expansion module 920 b of another embodiment of acamera system. As shown, some of the mechanical interlocking features ofthe expansion module 920 b are different than those of the expansionmodules of the camera system 110 of FIGS. 1 and 5-8, or of the camerasystem 310 of FIG. 3. The expansion module 920 b may be a recordingmodule 920 b similar to one or more of the recording modules describedherein, for example.

While only one expansion module 920 b is shown, the expansion module 920may be compatible with a camera system including a variety of othercomponents such as other expansion modules, a brain module and/oradapter module.

The second recording module 920 b includes a first interface 942 and asecond interface 944. The second interface 944 is of a type that isconfigured to cooperate with the first interface 942. Additionally, oneor more of the other expansion modules include a first interface 942 anda second interface 944 generally the same as those of the recordingmodule 920 b. Thus, the expansion modules can be stacked in generallyany order for user-customizable configuration as described hereinAdditionally, the first interface 942 is configured for releasable,reliable electrical communication and mechanical interlocking between acorresponding interface of an adapter module and/or brain module (notshown) in certain embodiments.

The first interface 942 of the expansion modules includes a mechanicalinterface having a mounting surface 980, hooks 981 a, 981 b, supportrecess 983, ribs 982 a, 982 b and upper swoosh 984. The first interface942 further includes an electrical interface including an electricalconnector 986 configured to cooperate with the second connector 978 ofthe adapter module 928, providing electrical communication between thebrain module 912 and the adapter module 928.

The second interface 944 has a mechanical interface configured toreleasably engage a corresponding mechanical interface of the firstinterface 942. The mechanical interface includes a mounting surface 987,lower hook slots 988 a, 988 b, a support 990 having locking notches 995,recesses 989 a, 989 b, and an upper slot 991. The second interface 144further includes an electrical interface including first and secondelectrical connectors 992, 993. The first and second connectors 992, 993include multi-function electrical connectors for providing electricalcommunication with the other expansion modules.

In one embodiment a user attaches a first expansion module to a secondexpansion module (e.g., the rearmost module on the camera system) byfirst inserting the swoosh 984 of the first interface 942 of the firstmodule into the upper slot 991 of the second interface 944 of the secondmodule. The user then brings the first interface 942 flush with thesecond interface 944. In one embodiment, the hooks 981 a, 981 b are eachcoupled to a spring mechanism such that they are deflected upon contactwith a corresponding catch (not shown) positioned in the slots 988 a,988 b of the second interface 944. As the user brings the modules flushwith one another, the hooks 981 a, 981 b move past the respectivecatches and spring back into their original positions behind thecatches, releasably locking the modules into place.

To disengage the modules a user, in one embodiment, pulls the rearmostmodule away from the adjacent module, overcoming the spring action ofthe hooks 981 a, 981 b. In another embodiment, a release mechanism isprovided on the module for releasing the hooks. For example, releasebuttons or slider switches coupled to the spring mechanism are provided,and the user actuates the buttons or switches to disengage the modules.A user may connect and disconnect the adapter module to and from thebrain module or connect and disconnect the expansion modules to and fromthe adapter module in a generally similar fashion.

Additional Modules and Configurations

As described, various modules described herein include generally uniforminterfaces on opposing sides to allow for stacking of modules togetherin generally any order. In certain such embodiments, these modules canbe chained together off of the back of the brain module (e.g., via anadapter module). Additionally, a number of modules having differenttypes of interfaces can be attached to various points in camera system,increasing the configurable flexibility of the system according to userpreference. In various embodiments, these modules are attached tovarious points on the brain module or to the other expansion modules,for example.

FIGS. 10A and 10B show a configuration 1000 including a variety ofoptional modules releasably attachable to the brain module 1012. Theconfiguration 1000 includes a side handle 1002, a bottom handle 1004, arecording component 1006, and an electronic view finder (EVF) module1008 An optical view finder module (not shown) may also be compatiblewith the configuration 1000 in certain embodiments. Additionally, insome embodiments, such as in configurations where both an electronicviewfinder and an optical viewfinder are included, camera systemsdescribed herein can be switched between an electronic view-finding modeand an optical view-finding mode.

The system 1000 of certain embodiments is capable of operating in a DSLRmode, and the depicted configuration may be referred to as a DSLRconfiguration. For example, the system 1000 is configured to have arelatively low physical profile and includes components such as thehandles 1002, 1004 and strap 1012 facilitating handheld use. Such aconfiguration may be one example of a configuration that is suitable foruse in a DSLR mode. While the system 1000 is not depicted as having anexpansion module or an adapter module attached to the brain module 1012,one or more expansion modules or an adapter module can be attached. Forexample, a recording module can be included, and attached to the brainmodule 102.

While the configuration of FIGS. 10A and 10B can be referred to as aDSLR configuration, other configurations shown throughout the disclosuremay also be capable of DSLR modes and/or be DSLR configurations. As willbe appreciated, DSLR configurations can be used for still photography.In some embodiments, camera systems described herein can be arranged inother constructs suited for still photography (e.g., digital point andshoot). Still constructs can include those constructs which will beappreciated by those of skill in the art as being generally more suitedfor use in still shooting. For example, still constructs may includeless bulky constructs, constructs having relatively less recording spaceand/or or relatively less in/out capability than motion constructs,constructs including one or more handle modules, optical viewfinders,straps, etc. While these characteristics and components may beparticularly associated with motion constructs, it will be appreciatedthat certain motion constructs may include one or more of thesecharacteristics or components in certain embodiments.

The side handle 1002 includes an interface (not shown) includingfeatures for mechanically and/or electrically coupling the side handle1002 to a corresponding interface (not shown) on the brain module 1012.For example, the side handle 1002 may be releasably attachable to thebrain module 1012 via a variety of mechanisms including friction-fit,snap-fit, threaded components, and the like. In one embodiment, thehandle 1002 includes a hook portion and a cam lock screw. Additionally,a variety of electrical connectors can be used.

In some embodiments, the side handle 1002 further includes a variety ofcontrols 1010 for controlling the camera system. The controls 1010 mayinclude exposure controls, focus controls, and the like, which may beuser-definable and suitable for use in still and/or video applications.The handle 1002 also has a hand strap 1012 and grip portion 1014 in someembodiments, providing an ergonomic and robust handling interface forthe user. The side handle 1002 may be particularly suited for hand-heldand light-weight tripod use. In certain embodiments, the side handle1002 includes a rechargeable battery, allowing for lightweight andlow-profile remote use without a separate power module or other powersource.

The bottom handle 1004 includes an interface (not shown) includingfeatures for mechanically and/or electrically coupling the handle 1004to a corresponding interface (not shown) on the brain module 1012. Forexample, the bottom handle 1004 may be releasably attachable to thebrain module 1012 via a variety of mechanisms including friction-fit,snap-fit, threaded components, etc., or a combination thereof.Additionally, a variety of electrical connectors can be used.

The bottom handle 1004 further includes a variety of controls 1030 forcontrolling the camera system. The controls 1030 may include exposurecontrols, focus controls, and the like, which may be user-definable andsuitable for use in still and/or video applications. The handle 1004also grip portion 1032, providing an ergonomic and robust handlinginterface for the user. The side handle 1004 may be particularly suitedfor hand-held use, for example. In certain embodiments, the side handle1004 includes a rechargeable battery, allowing for lightweight andlow-profile remote use without a separate power module or other powersource. Where the handle modules of the camera system 1000 (e.g., thebottom and side handles 1002, 1004) or any other component of the camerasystem 1000 includes a power source, such components may be referred toas a power module.

In certain other configurations, one or more of the side and/or bottomhandles 1002, 1004 do not include separate controls, batteries or otherelectrical components and they provide purely the mechanical benefits oftheir respective handling interfaces. In some embodiments, only one ofthe side and bottom handles 1002, 1004 are used. In configurationsincluding both handles 1002, 1004, the functionality of the handles1002, 1004 complement one another, providing improved handling and/orelectronic control of the camera system. In yet other embodiments,handles are provided which attach to the top of the brain module 1012,some other point on the brain module 1012, or to some other point in thesystem such as to one or more of the expansion modules described herein.

In certain embodiments, a recording component 1006 releasably attachesto the brain module 1012, such as to the side of the brain module 1012.The recording component 1006 has an interface including features formechanically and electrically coupling the recording component 1006 to acorresponding interface on the brain module 1012. In one embodiment, themechanical interface can include a set of threaded bolts 1040 whichcooperate with corresponding threaded holes in the brain module 1012.The recording component 1006 may be releasably attachable to the brainmodule 1012 via a variety of other mechanisms including friction-fit,snap-fit, other types of threaded components, etc., or a combinationthereof. Additionally, a variety of electrical connectors (not shown)can be used for electrically connecting the recording component 1006 tothe brain module 312. In one embodiment, a SATA interface is used.

The recording component 1006 includes memory card slot configured toreceive a memory component 1046 which is releasable via an eject button1044, although other types of release mechanisms may be used. The memorydevice slot of one embodiment is configured to receive a CompactFlash(“CF”) card, although a variety of other memory technologies may beused, such as hard drives, spinning drives, other types of flash memory,solid state drives, RAID drives, optical discs, or others that may bedeveloped in the art.

The EVF unit 1008 is mountable on an optional mounting bracket 1070attached to the bottom of the brain module 1012 and includes aninterface (not shown) for electrical coupling of the EVF unit 1008 to acorresponding interface of the brain module 1012. The EVF unit 1008 maybe releasably attachable to the brain module 312 via a variety ofmechanisms including friction-fit, snap-fit, threaded components, etc.,or a combination thereof. Additionally, a variety of electricalconnectors can be used for the electrical connection to the sensor unit1012.

The EVF unit 1008 includes a display disposed inside the body of EVFunit 1008. An eyepiece 1060 allows a user to view the display. Thesensor records the view through the lens. The view is processed and thenprojected on the display of the EVF unit 1008 which is viewable throughthe eyepiece 1060. The processing may occur in a processor in the brainmodule 1012, in the EVF unit 1008, or some other processor. The image onthe display is used to assist in aiming the camera.

The cameras described herein are compatible with various rails, rods,shoulder mounts, tripod mounts, helicopter mounts, matte boxes, followfocus controls, zoom controls, and other features and other accessoriesknown in the art. FIG. 11 shows an example camera system 1100 includingvarious modules and other components described herein. The camera system1100 also includes upper and lower sets of rods 1102, 1103 providingmounting points for various components including extension handles 1106,top handle 1107, side handle 1108, multi-tool 1110 and shoulder mounts1112, 1114. The configuration of the camera system 1100 may be referredto as an ENG configuration in certain embodiments. ENG configurationsmay include configurations suited for portable professional use, and, insome cases, ENG configurations may be referred to as television cameraconfigurations. For example, ENG configurations may include shouldermounts or shoulder stocks for mounting the camera on a cameraman'sshoulder during portable use. While the system 1100 may be referred toas an ENG configuration, other configurations described herein may alsobe ENG configurations.

FIG. 12 shows yet another modular configuration of a camera system 1200including lower rods upper sets of rods 1204, 1206. The camera system1202 also includes a matte box 1208 as well as an adjustable display1210. As shown, the display 1210 can be positioned generally flatagainst the camera body for storage, transport, or when otherwise not inuse. Alternatively, the display 1210 can be rotated about the pin 1211to a desired viewing angle during use. In one embodiment, the display1210 is connected to a port of an i/o module such as the port 109 of thei/o module 126 of FIG. 1. Other mechanisms for positioning or connectingthe display are used in various embodiments. The configuration of thecamera system 1200 may be referred to as a studio configuration incertain embodiments. Studio configurations can include configurationswhich are generally configured for professional shooting in a studiosetting, such as configurations capable of being mounted on a tripod,dolly or crane. For example, such configurations can include arelatively large number of attached modules and other accessories suchas cages, mounts, rails, etc. While the system 1200 may be referred toas having a studio configuration, other configurations described hereinmay also be studio configurations.

While the configuration of FIGS. 11 and 12 can be referred to as ENG andstudio configurations, respectively, other constructs shown throughoutthe disclosure may also comprise ENG and/or studio constructs. As willbe appreciated, ENG and studio configurations can be used for and may beparticularly suited for motion photography. In some embodiments, camerasystems described herein can be configured for other modes,configurations or constructs suited for motion photography. As will beappreciated by those of skill in the art, motion constructs generallyinclude those in which the camera is suitable for motion use. Suchconstructs may include those incorporating a relatively large amount ofrecording space, e.g., those including one or more power modules such asthe power modules 124 of FIG. 1. Motion constructs may also includethose incorporating one or more in/out modules such as the in/outmodules 126 of FIG. 1, those incorporating a display such as the display1210, etc., or any other functionality generally suitable for motionshooting. While these characteristics and components may be particularlyassociated with motion constructs, it will be appreciated that certainstill constructs may also include one or more of these characteristicsin certain embodiments.

As discussed, the terms still configuration, still mode, stillconstruct, etc., as used herein, may refer to modular constructs whichwill be appreciated as being particularly suitable for stillphotography. However, it will be appreciated that, in some embodiments,still constructs are capable of both still and motion shooting.Similarly, the terms motion configuration, motion mode, motionconstruct, etc., as used herein may refer to modes, constructs orconfigurations which are particularly suited for motion shooting.However, it will be appreciated that, in some embodiments, motionconstructs are capable of both still and motion shooting.

Modular System Bus

As described, the camera systems include a system bus for communicatingelectrical signals such as image and other data, control and power, forexample. Moreover, as described, the camera systems are modular and themodules can generally be arranged in a variety of configurations,including stacked configurations. For example, modules of differenttypes may be stacked between each other. The system bus isadvantageously configured to allow for the communication between anysubset of modules, regardless of the physical arrangement of the moduleson the camera systems, thereby maintaining the modularity of the camerasystems. For example, the bus is advantageously segmented across themodules in certain embodiments.

Aspects of the system bus will now be described with respect to thecamera system 110 and expansion module 120 b of FIGS. 1 and 5-8. Thedescription may additionally apply to the system buses of the othercamera systems and modules described herein, such as the camera systems210, 310 of FIGS. 2 and 3, or the module 430 of FIG. 4, for example. Themodule 120 b of the camera system 110 includes a bus segment (not shown)electrically coupled to one or more of the multi-function electricalconnectors of the first interface 142 and the second interface 142 suchas the connectors 186, 192, 193. Preferably, the design of the bussegment is common across the modules in the camera system 110, therebyadvantageously allowing for the transfer of information between anysubset of modules and/or other components in the camera system 110connected to the modules.

For example, in some embodiments, each of the expansion modules of thecamera system 110 include a bus segment. Each of the adapter module 128,the input/output module 126, the recording modules 120 a, 120 b, and thepower module 124 of the system 110 of FIG. 1 include a bus segment insome embodiments. The user input module 122 of one embodiment does notinclude a bus segment, or only implements portions of the segmentedsystem bus. For example, only a select subset of the segmented bus maybe routed to and from the user interface module 122 in certainembodiments. In other embodiments, the user input module 122 doesinclude a bus segment.

As described, one or more of the electrical connectors 186, 192, 193 ofthe module 120 b are common across each of the modules in the camerasystem 110. Each of the functional modules in the camera system 110 mayfurther include a common operational module (not shown) configured tocarry out one or more functions associated with the segmented bus. Theoperational modules may include a software module running on a processorof the functional module 120 b, for example. In other embodiments, theoperational module includes a hardware module, or may include acombination of hardware and software.

In one configuration, for example, a power module 124 is stacked betweenthe at least one recording module 120 and the brain module 112. Althoughthe power module 124 may not itself process, store or otherwise utilizeimage data, the common bus segment associated with the power module 124is configured to receive and transmit image data. Image data maytherefore be transferred between the brain module 112 and the recordingmodule 124 through the power module 124. As described herein, otherconfigurations of stacked modules including one or more recordingmodules 120, user interface modules 122, power modules 124, input/outputmodules 126 and/or dummy modules are possible.

The segmented system bus of certain embodiments is configured to includemultiple bus interfaces providing complementary functionality andallowing for a high level of flexibility, performance and efficiency. Inaddition, the system bus can be configured to power down one or more ofthe bus interfaces when they are unused, thereby improving the powerefficiency of the bus and improving battery life of the camera system110.

The system bus includes multiple classes of bus interfaces in certainconfigurations. In some embodiments, for example, the system bus caninclude one or more high bandwidth bus interfaces and one or moresupport or control bus interfaces. The high bandwidth interfaces canprovide a very high throughput data pipe, while the control businterface provides a relatively low power, low overhead controlinterface. Thus, the interfaces combine to provide a bus that istailored for camera applications such as video recording, videostreaming, portable use, and the like. Specialized interfaces such as,for example, one or more audio interfaces may be included as well. Thesegmented system bus is described herein in terms of interfacecategories, classes, types, etc. in order to illustrate certainadvantages associated with the bus architecture. However, thesecharacterizations not intended to be limiting.

Moreover, the segmented system bus of certain embodiments includesmultiple types of bus interfaces within the classes. For example, thesystem bus can include two, three or more types of each of thehigh-bandwidth, control and/or specialized interfaces in variousconfigurations.

Providing a variety of bus interface classes and types across the systembus advantageously improves the flexibility, performance and efficiencyof the camera system 110 in a variety of ways. For example, differentbus interfaces may be better suited to particular purposes. Some modulesor external devices may transmit, receive and/or process large amountsof data and may therefore benefit from a particular high-bandwidth businterface. Other modules or external devices may operate within very lowlatency parameters and may benefit from a low-latency serial protocol,for example. Moreover, certain external components may only supportparticular types of interfaces. As described, the segmented system bus110 of the modular camera system 110 can be configured to provide anumber of bus interface options. Thus, the camera system 110 can begenerally interoperable with a wide variety of external devices andmodules, enhancing the flexibility of the system 110. In addition,multiple bus interfaces may be available on the segmented bus which areeach capable of providing bus functionality within acceptable parametersto a particular module or external device. In such a situation, thesystem designer or system 110 itself can select the more appropriate busfor communicating with that module or external device. For example,greater speed and/or efficiency may be achieved using a particularavailable bus interface than with other acceptable bus interfaces alsoavailable on the system bus. The system designer or the system 110itself can select the more appropriate bus, thereby improvingperformance and efficiency.

The high bandwidth bus interfaces may be used by the system 110, forexample, for resource intensive tasks such as transferring image data,other types of data, control information, etc. The control businterfaces may include one or more serial interfaces, for example, andmay be used by the system 110 to provide support and control functions,such as module and peripheral identification and/or control. The controlbus interfaces may provide low or zero latency support functions incertain embodiments and may be used to perform multi-camerasynchronization or control peripheral devices such as lenses or flashesin some configurations. The control bus interface may also be referredto interchangeably as a support bus interface. Moreover, the one or morespecialized interfaces can provide specialized functions such as for thetransmission of audio data, for example.

The high-bandwidth interfaces of the system bus can allow for thetransfer of large amounts of image and/or control data at relativelyhigh speeds. In some embodiments, for example, the high bandwidthinterface may include an extensible data pipe capable of up to about 12GB/s. Other bandwidths are possible. In some other embodiments, the highbandwidth interface is capable of providing up to about 8 GB/s, about 10GB/s, or about 14 GB/s. For example, the high bandwidth bus interface ofother embodiments can allow for the transmission of up to 15 GB/s oftotal bi-directional bandwidth in some embodiments. In some embodiments,the high bandwidth bus interface is capable of providing greaterbandwidths, such as, for example, about 16 GB/s, about 18 GB/s, about 20GB/s, about 21 GB/s, or more. In one embodiment, the bus implementsthree high bandwidth interfaces capable of delivering at least about 1GB/s of data throughput. For example, the bus includes a PCI Express(“PCIe”) interface, a SATA interface, and a XAUI based interface in oneembodiment. Although other configurations are possible, in oneembodiment, the PCIe interface includes a PCI 2.0×4 interface and iscapable of delivering from up to about 4 GB/s of total throughput in ahigh-performance mode, for example. For example, in one embodiment, thePCIe interface may be configured to have up to four active channels at500 MB/s throughput in each direction. In certain embodiments, the lanesare configurable such that any combination of lanes may be configuredfor use at any given time. In other embodiments, the PCIe interface canbe configured for other amounts of total data throughput, such as, forexample, 5 GB/s, 10 GB/s, of total data throughput or more. The SATAinterface may be configured for up to about 3 GB/s of bandwidth incertain embodiments. In some embodiments, the SATA interface can beconfigured for other amounts of total throughput, such as, for example,6 GB/s of total data throughput or more. In some embodiments, theXAUI-based high bandwidth interface is capable of delivering up to about5 GB/s of throughput. For example, in one embodiment, the XAUI is a fullduplex x4 link having four channels capable of 6.25 Gbps per lane. TheXAUI according to some embodiments uses 10G electrical protocol andimplements low overhead L2 and L3 protocol layer. In some embodiments,the XAUI interface is used for carrying control data, image data, or acombination thereof. The XAUI interface can also be used to transferother forms of data including SATA packets and on-screen display (“OSD”)graphics, for example. In some embodiments, the XAUI interface serves asa monitor and/or general purpose expansion bus, and can be scalable.

Additionally, the number of active PCIe lanes can be configured basedthe data and/or power requirements of the particular application. Thedifferent high bandwidth interfaces are selected to provide asynergistic set of functionality, and include generally complementaryfeatures particularly suited for camera applications. For example, thePCIe provides a highly configurable and very high throughput data pipe,while the SATA interface provides a relatively low overhead, yet stillrelatively high throughput interface.

Each of the various high bandwidth interfaces can be used in conjunctionwith the presently contemplated modules or with other modules forgenerally any suitable purpose. In one embodiment, for example, the PCIeinterface is used for streaming raw image data off of the camera to anexternal computing device for processing and/or storage. For example, inone embodiment one of the stackable modules of the camera system 110 hasa PCIe port configured to output PCIe data. The raw video image data istransmitted over the PCIe interface from the brain module 112 to thatexpansion module and through any intervening modules. The data is thenstreamed off of the camera system 110 through the PCIe port. The SATAinterface can be used for various applications including communicationto a recording module, such as those including SATA compatiblehard-drives, Compact Flash modules and the like.

In another embodiment, the bus includes two PCI Express (“PCIe”)interfaces, PCIe 2.0×8 and x1, respectively, and a XAUI interface. Thecombined PCIe functionality is therefore capable of delivering from upto about 1 GB/s in a low power mode to about 8 GB/s in ahigh-performance mode, for example. The PCIe interface can also beconfigured to implement both the PCIe standard protocol for the OSIModel layers (e.g., physical, transaction and/or data link layers) andother protocols including, for example, variations of the OSI modellayers. In various embodiments, other high bandwidth bus interfaces maybe included instead of, or in addition to those described above, suchas, for example, InifiniBand®, StarFabric, HyperTransport, RapidIO® orsome other bus interface.

The one or more control interfaces of some embodiments include aplurality of serial interfaces. For example, the control interfacesinclude three serial interfaces in some embodiments. For example, thesupport interfaces include an I²C interface, a Serial PeripheralInterface (“SPI”) interface and a 1-Wire® interface in one embodiment.In another embodiment, the control interfaces include an I²C interface,a SPI interface, a 1-Wire® interface, and an RS-232 interface. One ormore UART devices are used in conjunction with the RS-232 interface incertain embodiments.

These interfaces may be used to provide flexibility by providing avariety of control and support features. For example, given theplurality of control interfaces provided in certain embodiments, systemdesigners can select the interface most appropriate for a particularapplication. For example, the 1-Wire® interface of one embodiment isconfigured to allow the system to quickly identify modules in thesystem. The 1-Wire® interface may act as a common multi-drop bus, forexample. The RS-232 interface and/or UART devices can be used tocommunicate with the user interface module 122. For example, while theuser interface module 122 does not, in certain embodiments, include anentire common bus segment, it may include an RS-232 capable interfacefor communicating with the camera system 110 through the segmentedsystem bus. The RS-232 interface may be accessible via the connector 196of the user interface module 122, for example.

A general purpose input/output interface (“GPIO”) may also be included.The GPIO interface may provide control functions such as multi-camerasynchronization or may provide control for other external devices suchas lenses and flashes, for example. In various embodiments, othersupport interfaces may be implemented such as an RS-485 interface orsome other type of interface. Moreover, generally any number orcombination of interfaces may be present, depending on theconfiguration. In certain embodiments, the system includes at least twocontrol interfaces. In other configurations, the system can include atleast 3, 4, 5 or more control interfaces, or a single serial interface.

As mentioned, one or more specialized interfaces may be included as partof the system bus. For example, specialized interfaces may provide forthe transmission of audio data between the modules of the camera system10, the other components of the camera system 10 and/or one or moreaudio peripheral devices. The specialized interfaces may include anInter-IC Sound (“I²S”) interface for communicating sound data betweenthe components in the system 110 between the system 110 and externaldevices. In one embodiment, a time division multiplexed (“TDM”) audiointerface may be used. In one embodiment, a TDM interface is used whichis configured to support up to 16 channels of monaural audio at up to192 KHz per channel. Moreover, certain parameters may be modified,providing flexibility and interoperability with a variety of audiocomponents. For example, the sample rate and sample width can beadjusted on a channel by channel basis in some embodiments. In variousembodiments, specialized interfaces may provide other functions and mayallow for the transmission of some other type of data, for example,instead of, or in addition to, audio data.

In addition to the interfaces described above, the segmented system buscan include a variety of signals or groups of signals dedicated forparticular purposes. For example, one or more signals are configured asinterrupt lines, providing interrupt functionality to one or more of themodules in the system 110. One or more dedicated presence detect signalsmay be used to detect the presence or absence of expansion modules orother components in the system 110. The segmented system bus can includea variety of dedicated clock signals as well.

In some embodiments, one or more dedicated storage interfaces areincluded in the system bus. Such interfaces may include a SATA interfacesuch as those described above for example. In other embodiments, othertypes of storage interfaces such as a SCSI interface may be used.

In various embodiments, a variety of other interface types may beincorporated in the segmented bus, including, but not limited to,Ethernet, USB, USB2, USB3, IEEE 1394 (including but not limited toFireWire 400, FireWire 800, FireWire 53200, FireWire S800T, i.LINK, DV),etc.

The segmented system bus also includes a common power supply interfacewhich is configured to power the components of the system 110. Forexample, the power supply interface may allow for automatic routing of adesired one or more of a set of available power sources to the cameramodules. The set of available power sources can vary depending on theparticular modular configuration of the system 110, and the power supplyinterface of certain embodiments can be extended to provide power fromgenerally any number of possible input power sources.

The power supply interface may be configured to provide automaticfall-over protection when one or more of the power sources becomeunavailable, or when it becomes otherwise desirable to provide powerfrom a different power source. Although a variety of schemes areavailable, the power sources of one embodiment are logically cascaded inorder of priority. When the highest priority power source is unavailableor when it is otherwise desirable to switch power sources, the powersupply interface automatically routes power to the system from the powersource having the next highest priority.

In one configuration, the power supply interface is configured toprovide power from one of six available power sources including: anexternal power source connected to an input jack on a brain module 112;a battery integrated into a modular handle (e.g., the side handle 1002of FIGS. 10A-B); and a set of four batteries of a power module 12comprising a quad battery pack. In other configurations, there aredifferent numbers and/or types of power sources. For example, there canbe 2, 3, 4, 5 or 7 or more power sources. In yet another embodiment,there is a single power source. In one embodiment, the input jack on thebrain module 112 has the highest level of priority, followed by theintegrated side handle battery, followed by each of the four batteriesof the power module 124. In one use scenario, a user pulls a power cablefrom the input jack on the brain module 112, and the power supplyinterface routes power to the camera system 110 from the side handlebattery. The user may then remove the side handle or one or more of thebatteries of the power module 124, and the power supply interfaceautomatically switches to the appropriate power source. In someembodiments, the power supply interface provides uninterrupted powerdelivery and thus uninterrupted camera operation during automatictransition between power sources.

The power supply interface of some embodiments detects the addition ofan available power source over one of the communication interfacesprovided in the segmented bus. For example, a control interface of thesegmented bus, described in greater detail below, or one or more othersignals in the segmented bus may be used. While other methods ofdetecting available power sources may be used, in one embodiment, amessage is sent to the brain module 112 from an attached module having apower source. A processor running on the brain module 112 may receivethe message. Thus, the system 110 is notified of the presence of thepower source. Then, according to whatever selection scheme isimplemented (e.g., a ranking or other priority scheme), the system 110may select from the available power sources to determine which powersource will be used to power the system 110.

In some embodiments, for example, power is generally routed through thebrain module 112 before being delivered to the remainder of the camerasystem 110 for consumption. Thus, the brain module 112 can act as a hubfor distributing power.

For example, the power supply interface according to such embodimentsmay include a first power bus routed through the stackable modules andreceived by the brain module 112. The first power bus runs through eachof stackable modules and routes one or more power signals from thestackable modules into the brain module 112. The brain module 112 mayreceive one or more additional power signals from non-stackable sources(e.g., an input jack of the brain module 112, an integrated battery of ahandle module). The power supply interface further includes a secondpower bus routed out from the brain module 112, through the modules inthe system 110 for consumption. Depending on which power source isselected for powering the system at any given time, the brain moduleplaces either a power signal from the first power bus or a power signalfrom one of the additional, non-stackable power sources onto the secondpower bus.

In one embodiment, the first power bus coming from the stackable modulescomprises a single power line, while the stackable modules may include aplurality of power sources. In this scenario, the brain module 112arbitrates which of the plurality of power sources is placed on thesingle power line by sending a arbitration message to each of themodules in the system 110. Based on the received message, the modulescan either take control of the first power bus or yield to other modulessuch that only one power source will be placed on the bus and deliveredto the brain module 112, thereby avoiding conflicts. For example, in onescenario, the brain module 112 may send a message indicating that afirst battery element of a quad battery power module 124 is to be placedon the first power bus. In response to the message, the power module 124places the output of its first battery element on the bus and the othermodules in the system 110 yield control of the first power bus to thepower module 124. In other embodiments, the first power bus includes aplurality of power lines, and power signals from each of the powersources in the stackable modules are sent to the brain module 112.

In the example stacked configuration shown in FIG. 1, the first powerbus may be routed from the power module 124 through the bus segments ofeach of the intervening modules, and eventually into the brain module112. The second power bus may conversely be routed from the brain module112 out through the each of the intervening modules, terminating at thepower module 124. In such an embodiment, the user input module 122receives power from another source, such as an integrated rechargeablebattery. In other embodiments, the user interface 122 does include thecommon power supply interface or portions thereof, and one or more ofthe first and second power buses of the power supply interface arerouted from and to the user input module 122, respectively.

In some embodiments, power source selection decisions made by the brainmodule 112 may be overridden under appropriate conditions. For example,a module including a power source may override decisions made by thebrain module 112. In one embodiment, where the power module 124 includesa plurality of battery elements, the power module 124 detects that abattery element selected by the brain module 112 to power the system 110is insufficiently charged. In such a situation, the power module 124 mayautomatically route power from another, sufficiently charged, batteryelement. Additionally, in some configurations, the system 110 includes amanual override allowing the user to select the appropriate powersource.

Due to the modular, segmented nature of the power supply interface, thepower supply bus can be extended to support generally any number ofcascaded power source inputs. For example, in accordance with certainembodiments, a user can stack power modules 124 along with other typesof modules in generally any physical arrangement, providing flexibilityin creating a desired modular construct. Additionally, according to someembodiments, users can stack generally any number of power modules 124onto the modular arrangement. Thus, users can customize modularconfigurations according to desired battery life. Moreover, in additionto the power sources presently contemplated, the power supply interfacecan, in some embodiments, be extended to support various other moduledesigns incorporating other power sources. As such, the extendiblenature of the power supply interface also allows system designers toadapt to changes in technology.

The power supply interface may also be configured to provide power toexternal devices in some configurations. For example, in one embodimentthe power supply can provide current-limited output power to an externalmotor or some other device, thereby improving the interoperability ofthe camera system 110 with a variety of devices.

Although described with respect to certain preferred embodiments,aspects of the power supply interface of the segmented bus can beconfigured differently. For example, the power sources may be manuallyselected by the user instead of, or in addition to, being automaticallydetermined by the system 110.

Environment of Use—Movie Set

The modular camera 110, in one or more of the various configurationsnoted above, can be used on a movie set and can be connected to a numberof various devices. For example, as shown in FIG. 13, a subject S may bestationary or moving, as illustrated in phantom line in FIG. 13. Thesubject S can be surrounded by various pieces of equipment to be usedfor shooting video, such as for a cinema application.

In this example, there are three variations of the camera 110,identified by the reference numerals 110A, which is a fixed orstationary camera, camera 110B, which is on a rolling carriage so as tomove laterally during recording, and camera 110C which is mounted to acrane and can move in three dimensions. Although the cameras 110A, 110B,110C are labeled as such, it is to be understood that any of the abovecameras, 210, 310, or any of the variations described above can be usedin their stead.

Additionally, as shown in FIG. 13, the cameras 110A and 110B are beingdirectly operated by camera men 2002, 2004. On the other hand, camera110C is being remotely operated by camera man 2006. All three of thecameras 110A, 110B, and 110C may be operated simultaneously to shootvideo of the subject S while stationary and/or moving.

The video captured by the cameras 110A, 110B, and 110C can be monitoredby one or more different people located in different locations. Forexample, a first video monitoring station 2006 is connected to all threeof the cameras 110A, 110B, and 110C. For example, in some embodiments,the video monitoring station 2006, which may include one or moremonitors, can be connected to the HD-SDI or HDMI ports on the cameras110A, 110B, 110C so as to receive video and/or video combined withaudio. As such, the video received by the video monitoring station 2006would be in the form of colorized and de-bayered video captured by thecameras 110A, 110B, 110C.

As such, the video displayed at the video monitoring station 2006 wouldnot be the full resolution while video recorded at each camera. However,such video provided to the video monitoring station 2006 can be areasonable approximation of the video that is recorded and thus usefulto users, such as users 2008, 2010 who might be a director, assistantdirector, director of photography, or other people.

Similarly, another video monitoring station 2012 could also be connectedto all three of the cameras 110A, 110B, 110C, with one or more variousvideo cables, providing another vantage point for monitoring the subjectand the video captured by the cameras 110A, 110B, 110C. For example, theuser 2014 can be another assistant to the director or director ofphotography, camera man, or others.

This set depicted in FIG. 13 also includes an audio mixer station 2016.The mixer station 2016 is connected to three microphones 2018, 2020,2022 for recording sound from the subject S as well as environmentalsound.

The mixer station 2016 is configured to receive audio signals from themicrophones 2018, 2020, 2022, allow a user to mix those audio inputs asdesired, and to output mixed audio to each of the cameras 110A, 110B,110C. Optionally, the audio can be output to only one of the cameras, asdesired.

Optionally, the audio mixer board 2016 can include a time code module2024. In some embodiments, the time code module 2024 can output a timecode signal and the mixer 2016 can embed the time code from the timecode module 2024 with the mixed audio output to the cameras.Additionally, the time code module 2024 can also output an additionalseparate time code signal which would require additional wires (notshown) to provide that separate time code signal directly to the cameras110A, 110B, 110C. The cameras 110A, 110B, 110C can use that time codesignal to register any recorded video with incoming audio from the mixer2016. For example, the output from the time code module 2024 could beconnected to the video sync port 304 (FIG. 1D) of the cameras 110A,110B, 110C.

Optionally, an independent time code device 2030 can be used foressentially the same purpose. In this variation, the independent timecode device 2030 includes output wires to all of the cameras 110A, 110B,110C and also to the mixer 2016.

Additionally, the set also includes a lighting mixing device 2040 whichis used by a lighting professional 2042 to control various lights 2044,2046, 2048 as desired.

As is apparent from the schematic of FIG. 13, many wires need to beconnected to the cameras 110A, 110B, 110C to provide the basicfunctionality necessary for shooting video. Many other additional wiresare not shown.

FIG. 14 schematically illustrates certain components of the video systemwithin the brain 112. The illustrated portion of the video system of thebrain 112 is also disclosed in the 2010/0165188 publication and the2008/0291319 publication filed Apr. 11, 2008, the entire contents ofwhich are hereby expressly incorporated by reference.

As described in the 2008/0291319 publication, the brain 112 can includea lens 116 guiding light onto an image sensor 2050. The image sensor,and for example, a chip set of the image sensor, can direct the valuesprocessed from the image sensor 2050 to an image processor 2052. Theoutput of the image processor can be output to a mixing module 2054 aswell as to a monitoring module 2056. The mixer module 2054 can mix boththe images output from the image processor 2052, combine that video withaudio coming into the brain 112 through the audio input port 2058(optionally) and outputs the mixed video, as clips, into a compressionmodule 2060. The compression module 2060 can, using any of thecompression techniques described above or in the 2008/0291319publication and then store the compressed video clips into the storagemodule 2062. The compressed video final format can be any of the formatsdescribed above. In some embodiments, the storage module 2062 is an SSDtype memory device and the compressed video files are in a file formatknown as .R3D. Such compressed file formats can be in the range of 3K to6K resolution. Other resolutions can also be used. Additionally, thisfile format can be considered a “raw” video format.

The monitoring module 2056 can be configured to, in approximately realtime, colorize and de-bayer the image data output from the imageprocessor 2052. Accordingly, the monitoring module can output a videosignal in any known format, such as HD-SDI, HDMI, or other videoformats. Thus, the video output port illustrated in FIG. 14 can beconsidered as either or both of the ports 1300, 1312 illustrated in FIG.1D.

Additionally, the time code input port 1304 can be connected to themixer module 2054 so as to embed a time code with the video from theimage processor 2052 for compression and storage in the module 2062. Assuch, the video or video clips stored in the storage module 2062 includean embedded time code so that the video is “registered” with the timecode.

With reference to FIG. 15, the camera brain 112 can include anintegrated wireless portion 2000. Alternatively, the wireless portion2000, as illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 1B, can be a separate andconnectable module, using any of the various clips, ports, busconnections, or other connections described above with regard to theadapter 128 or other modules 126, 120, 124, 122, or the other similarmodules of the other embodiments of the cameras 210, 310, etc.

Optionally, the wireless portion 2000 can include a wireless videooutput module 2100. For example, the wireless portion 2000 can include avideo input port 2102 configured for connection to either the videooutput ports 300, 312 (FIG. 1D). As such, the video signal received atthe video input port 2102 is a colorized and de-bayered video signal,such as that in the HDMI or HD-SDI formats. Other formats can also beused.

The video received at the video input port is connected to the videooutput wireless module 2100. The hardware for such wireless videotransmission is commercially available and known in the art. Somewireless protocols are known as “YMAX” or “Wireless HDMI”. Some knownhardware can convert such a video signal as described above, into awireless video signal with approximately or less than a 1-millisecondlatency. This can provide a significant benefit.

For example, the processes described above for receiving and processingvideo from the lens 116 (FIG. 14) can result in a latency ofapproximately 40 milliseconds. At 24 frames per second, one frame lastsfor approximately 50 milliseconds. Thus, a 40-millisecond latency inprocessing incoming video is less than one frame of video at 24 framesper second. The additional approximately or less than 1 millisecond oflatency generated by converting the video signal received at the videoinput port 2102 into a wireless video signal transmitted by the videooutput module 2100 does not generate any additional noticeable latency.Thus, users, such as the users 2008, 2010, 2014, in FIG. 16 usingcameras with the wireless portion 2000, as described herein, are able toperceive movements of the subject S in substantial synchronicity as thevideo displayed at their respective video monitoring stations 2006,2012. Thus, the overall latency between the image received by the lens116 and the image presented at the monitors described below in FIG. 16,would be less than or approximately one frame of video at 24 frames persecond.

The wireless portion 2000 can optionally include a proxy recordingmodule 2200. For example, the proxy recording module 2200 can beconnected to the video input port 2102. Thus, the proxy recording module2200 can be configured to record and store the video signal output fromthe video output port 300, 312 which can be one of any known colored andde-bayered formats noted above including HDMI, HD-SDI, or other formats.The proxy recording module 2200 can thus, optionally, be used to alsooutput video through the video output module 2100. As such, users on setcan review the video from proxy recording module 2200, without furtherburdening the monitoring module 2056 and the compression hardware suchas the compression module 2060 for decompressing the compressed rawvideo in the storage module 2062, colorizing and de-bayering that videofor purposes of replaying. As such, this can help control the internaltemperature of the brain 112 and power consumption of the associatedcomponents.

Optionally, the wireless portion 2000 can also include a wireless audioinput transceiver module 2230. The wireless audio input transceiver 2230can be any number of commercially available devices. The audio inputmodule 2230 can be connected to an audio output port 2232 or otherports. The audio port 2232 can be connected to the audio input port 2058(FIG. 14).

Further, optionally, the wireless portion 2000 can include a wirelesstime code receiver module 2240. The wireless time code receiver module2240 can be in the form of commercially available hardware, for example,including the hardware included commercially available devices fromSENN.3G, COMTEKs, Lockit Boxes, Denecke GR-2, Timecode Buddy, etc. Thetime code wireless module 2240 can be connected to a time code outputport 2242. The time code output port 2242 can be connected to the timecode input port 304 (FIG. 14).

With continued reference to FIG. 15, the wireless portion 2000 can alsoinclude a remote control wireless transceiver 2250. Various kinds ofremote control wireless transceivers for video cameras are commerciallyavailable and well known in the art. Thus, a further description of sucha wireless transceiver is not set forth below. The wireless remotecontrol transceiver 2250 can be connected to a remote control outputport 2252, which can be connected to a remote control input port 306 forproviding remote control signals to the brain 112.

FIGS. 17-22 illustrate further embodiments of the wireless portion 2000,configured for modular connectivity to the camera 110 described above.For example, as shown in FIG. 17, the wireless portion 2000 includes amain housing portion 2300 which is configured to extend generallyvertically behind a brain 112, as illustrated in FIG. 22. The wirelessportion 2000 also includes a forward projection portion 2302 which isdesigned to extend below the brain 112 and around to the front edge ofthe brain 112.

As shown in FIG. 17, the wireless portion 2000 can also include aremovable antennae cover 2304 used for protecting various antennas 2104,2234, 2244, 2254 of the respective wireless modules 2100, 2230, 2240,2250 and other configurations can also be used.

With reference to FIGS. 19 and 20, the wireless portion 2000 can alsoinclude a corresponding set of connectors 2320. For example, thewireless portion 200 can include an HD-SDI connector 2322 configured forconnection to the HD-SDI port 1300 (FIG. 1D). Additionally, the wirelessportion 2000 can include an audio port connector 2324, a video sync port2326, an RS232 control signal port 2328, an Ethernet port connector, apower connector 2330, and an HDMI format connector 2332, as well asother ports, arranged and configured to be connectable to thearrangement of ports 101 illustrated in FIG. 1D.

With reference to FIGS. 21 and 22, the wireless portion 2000 can beconfigured to connect securely with the brain 112. As shown in FIGS. 21and 22, the lower portion 2302 of the wireless portion 2000 extendsbelow a lower surface of the brain 112 and optionally extends aroundapproximately two sides of the brain 112 for secure attachment thereto.Thus, as such, as illustrated in FIG. 22, the wireless portion 2000cooperates with the housing of the brain 112 using the ports and clipsdescribed above, to essentially become part of the same body camera orhousing. Thus, the brain 112 and the wireless portion 2000 can be moved,grasped, manipulated, as a single body. Thus, the wireless hardwaredisposed within the wireless portion 2000 can be considered as beingdisposed within the body of the camera 110, or any other cameraconnected thereto.

CONCLUSION

The functionality of certain embodiments of the camera system andassociated modules described herein may be implemented as softwaremodules, hardware modules, or a combination thereof. In variousembodiments, the functionality may be embodied in hardware, firmware, acollection of software instructions executable on a processor, or inanalog circuitry.

Conditional language used herein, such as, among others, “can,” “could,”“might,” “may,” “e.g.,” and the like, unless specifically statedotherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, isgenerally intended to convey that certain embodiments include, whileother embodiments do not include, certain features, elements and/orstates. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended toimply that features, elements and/or states are in any way required forone or more embodiments or that one or more embodiments necessarilyinclude logic for deciding, with or without author input or prompting,whether these features, elements and/or states are included or are to beperformed in any particular embodiment.

Depending on the embodiment, certain acts, events, or functions of anyof the methods described herein can be performed in a differentsequence, can be added, merged, or left out altogether (e.g., not alldescribed acts or events are necessary for the practice of the method).Moreover, in certain embodiments, acts or events can be performedconcurrently, e.g., through multi-threaded processing, interruptprocessing, or multiple processors or processor cores, rather thansequentially.

The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, andalgorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosedherein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, orcombinations of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability ofhardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules,circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms oftheir functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented ashardware or software depends upon the particular application and designconstraints imposed on the overall system. The described functionalitycan be implemented in varying ways for each particular application, butsuch implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing adeparture from the scope of the disclosure.

The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits describedin connection with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implementedor performed with a general purpose processor, a digital signalprocessor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), afield programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device,discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or anycombination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein.A general purpose processor can be a microprocessor, but in thealternative, the processor can be any conventional processor,controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor can also beimplemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combinationof a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one ormore microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other suchconfiguration.

The blocks of the methods and algorithms described in connection withthe embodiments disclosed herein can be embodied directly in hardware,in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of thetwo. A software module can reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROMmemory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, a hard disk, a removabledisk, or any other form of computer-readable storage medium known in theart. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to a processor such that theprocessor can read information from, and write information to, thestorage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium can be integralto the processor. The processor and the storage medium can reside in anASIC.

While the above detailed description has shown, described, and pointedout novel features as applied to various embodiments, it will beunderstood that various omissions, substitutions, and changes in theform and details of the devices or algorithms illustrated can be madewithout departing from the spirit of the disclosure. As will berecognized, certain embodiments of the inventions described herein canbe embodied within a form that does not provide all of the features andbenefits set forth herein, as some features can be used or practicedseparately from others. The scope of certain inventions disclosed hereinis indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoingdescription. All changes which come within the meaning and range ofequivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope

What is claimed is:
 1. A camera, comprising: a camera body; a lensassembly connected to the camera body; a light conversion devicesupported by the camera body, comprising a light sensitive portion andconfigured to generate video data corresponding to light contacting thelight sensitive portion, the lens assembly configured to guide lightonto the light sensitive portion; a video image storage deviceconfigured to store the video image data from the light detecting devicein at least a first resolution format; a wireless clocking receiversupported by the camera body and configured to receive a wireless clocksignal comprising clocking data, the light conversion device beingconfigured to process the video data generated by the light conversiondevice registered with clocking data received by the wireless clockingreceiver.
 2. The camera according to claim 1, additionally comprising awireless video transmission module configured to transmit a video signalcorresponding to the video data from the light conversion device.
 3. Thecamera according to claim 1, wherein the wireless video transmissionmodule is configured to transmit the video signal with less than 50 mslatency.